The Automotive Industy's Use of Structural Composite Materials

For bio-composite, is a composite material formed by a “matrix” and “reinforcement” of natural fibers. These materials are often mimic the structure of the living materials involved in the process keeping the strengthening properties of

Boeing’s newest jet, the 787, is made out of composite plastics and carbon fiber in order to

Carbon fiber in all aspects is a material consisting of thin fibers of nearly pure carbon made by subjecting various organic raw materials to high temperatures, combined with asynthetic resins to produce a strong, lightweight material use in construction of aircraft and spacecraft (dictionary 2016). This composite material dates back to the 1950s where the tensile strength of carbon fiber was discovered and put into work. 50 years later carbon fiber is still well used and in great demand as the benefits of it proved to be great for the race car industry. The purpose of this project is to examine the mechanical properties of carbon fiber, and the benefits that it provides to the race car industry as well as predicting what other applications will occur in the

The building materials available to engineers today are vastly improved over those of the past. One class which has seen wide spread usage in many fields are composites. These new materials first appeared on the aerospace scene in the early 1970’s, for these materials were found to provide many benefits over the previous metal-based designs.

This paper discusses the different properties of composite materials under static testing condition to determine the effect of aging due to change in temperature and moisture content. Effects on tensile, shear, impact, stiffness and fatigue parameters are studied. For each property, application specific composite materials are taken into consideration with different stacking sequence and number of plies. Different samples of these are then introduced to different hygrothermal environments for example: temperatures ranging from -50 degree Celsius to +50 degree Celsius or kept in wet conditions for 24 hours at different temperatures of 21, 37 and 50 degree Celsius etc. Different tests are performed based on the material property to observe a change from the initial unaged specimen. To study every property a different test method is discussed. A final comparison for each property between the unaged and aged specimen is shown in order to see the property’s dependence on temperature and moisture. This comparison highlights the temperature and moisture dependent properties and showcase a trend. Properties like tensile modulus, shear modulus, shear strength, flexural stiffness and fatigue life show a decrease with increase in temperature and moisture content while Poisson’s ratio and impact strength increase with increase in temperature and moisture content.

Epoxy resin is most widely used as a matrix for advanced structural composites due to their superior thermal, electrical and mechanical properties; chemical resistance and dimensional stability. Epoxy is also used as surface coatings and most widely used as industrial finishes and provides flexibility, superior adhesion and corrosion resistance when

All strands utilized as a part of polymer building composites can be isolated into two classes, to be specific synthetic and natural fibers. Synthetic fibers are the most widely recognized. Albeit there are numerous sorts of engineered filaments, glass, carbon and aramid strands speak to the most essential. Kevlar is a sweet-smelling polyamide or aramid fiber presented in mid 1970s by DuPont. It was the first natural fiber with adequate elasticity and modulus to be utilized as a part of cutting edge composites (Dupont.com, 2015). It has to take five times the rigidity of steel with a relating tractable modulus. Initially grew as a swap for steel in spiral tires, Kevlar is currently utilized as a part of an extensive variety of uses. It is an exchange name of aramid fiber. The U.S. Government Trade Commission gives a decent meaning of an aramid fiber as a fiber in which the framing substance is a long chain manufactured polyamide in which no less than 85% of the amide linkages are joined straightforwardly to two sweet-smelling rings (Hancox, 1993).

(Mrazova, 2013) In the aviation industry today, composites have replaced previously used materials such as titanium and aluminum in the manufacturing of wings, skins, primary load-bearing structures, and fuselages.

All strands utilized as a part of polymer building composites can be isolated into two classes, to be specific synthetic and natural fibers. Synthetic fibers are the most widely recognized. Albeit there are numerous sorts of engineered filaments, glass, carbon and aramid strands speak to the most essential. Kevlar is a sweet-smelling polyamide or aramid fiber presented in 1970s by DuPont. It was the first natural fiber with adequate elasticity and modulus to be utilized as a part of cutting edge composites (Dupont.com, 2015). It has to take five times the rigidity of steel with a relating tractable modulus. Initially grew as a swap for steel in spiral tires, Kevlar is currently utilized as a part of an extensive variety of uses. It is an exchange name of aramid fiber. The U.S. Government Trade Commission gives a decent meaning of an aramid fiber as a fiber in which the framing substance is a long chain manufactured polyamide in which no less than 85% of the amide linkages are joined straightforwardly to two sweet-smelling rings (Hancox, 1993).

A composite material is a combinant of more than one material where each material retains its own material properties. Composite materials are used throughout modern society and in nature because they provide material properties that individual materials could not provide on their own.

FRP composites having superior material properties when compared with metals, improved corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, less weight to strength ratio and high fracture toughness. Hence GFRP composites frequently used in several applications like sports goods, racing car bodies and aerospace components [1]. Often composite products manufactured by near-net shapes. The components made by secondary machining processes are involving to get good dimensional accuracy and geometrical shapes done by turning, drilling

Wonder composite materials, with a power and universal lightweight relative to weight and hardness properties fell over most of the store of metals and alloys recently. Properties composite depends largely on the characteristics of its constituent materials, the distribution and the interaction between them. In general, filler is the main load bearing Members, while the matrix keeps them in the desired location and orientation, as pregnancy transfer means between the fillers and protects them from environmental damage. The composite characteristics may be part of the total volume of the characteristics of components or the ingredients may interact cooperatively resulting in improved or better properties. Apart from the nature of the constituent materials, engineering promote ( The size and size distribution) affects the properties of composite greatly. Composite structure is a combination of two or more different constituents that can be physically distinguished, resulting in a final product that has better performance than each individual constituent does. Composite materials consist of a matrix (polymer, metal or ceramic) and one or more reinforcing phases (fibers, particles, flakes or fillers). The different constituents are combined judiciously to achieve a system with better structural or functional properties than can be attained by any of the constituents alone. Composites are becoming an essential part of today’s materials due to advantages such as low weight, strong

A major shortcoming of wind energy technology is the failure rate of composite blades is up to 20% due to bird/bat strike as shown in Figure 2. On the other hand, one major US Energy Company pleaded guilty to killing 14 eagles and 149 other birds due to their wind turbines ($1M fine, or $6,000/bird!). Therefore, we plan to employ “damage-trap material interface (DTMI) design” to reduce not only the impact damage of composite blades, but also the bird/bat death rate, since the maximum impact force acting on birds will decrease after special thin interface layers are placed between layered composites based on our preliminary impact experiments (impact speed up to 50 m/s). Our major goal is to significantly improve impact resistance and durability of composite structures for wind blades, Boeing 787, and BMW i3 or future composite aircraft, ships and cars. Meanwhile, we are developing an efficient approach to combine nanoindentation

Composite structure is a combination of two or more different items that may be distinguished physically, resulting in a final product that has a better performance from each component individually done. It consists of matrix composite materials (polymer, metal or ceramic) and one or more stages of reinforcement (fibers, particles, flakes, or fillers). The combination of the different elements appropriately to achieve a system with structural or functional characteristics of the best that can be achieved through one of the components alone. The vehicle has become an essential part of the day because of the material advantages such as low weight, high corrosion resistance, high strength and fatigue, and faster assembly. Used widely as raw materials in the airframe industry, packaging, electronics, medical equipment and spacecraft building materials home [1].

For acknowledgeable, a hybrid composite material is a combination of “hybrid” and “composite”. The meaning of “hybrid” in hybrid composite material itself is the hybridization in macroscopic structure in the metallographic scale. Researchers found that there are three new categories of hybridization of materials, that is, hybrid materials. The categorizations of hybrid materials are structurally-hybridized materials, materials hybridized in chemical-bond, and functionally-hybridized materials. The composite wings require more advanced treatment that must be based on a new methodology which handles the modelling complexity arising mainly from the fibrous nature of anisotropic composites. The most popular hybrid composite is carbon-Kevlar hybrid composite and this is because hybridization of carbon fibre-reinforced composites with Kevlar fibre results in a significant positive hybrid