The Avro Arrow

The Cold War changed American society by introducing both foreign and domestic fear into the lives of Americans. It brought neighbor against neighbor, and a trembling thoughts to all Americans. It gave an upper-hand to the men in the branches of Federal Government, and especially to the HUAC; moreover it

Brands' purpose for writing this book was to inform the reader of actions taken before, during, and after the Cold War. After World War II, the United States and Russia were the only two remaining world powers. Each had a conflicting method of government, which ultimately led to the Cold War. The two superpowers were at the center of attention for the better part of

Canada has constantly looked for a way to prove herself and express her greatness throughout history. In World War One, she proved herself in battle as the Canadians brought home a great victory in Vimy Ridge. Yet, she neglected the one thing that could have brought utmost glory to her name, the Avro Arrow. The Avro Arrow, if it had lived to this day, would have caused a change in history because of its symbolism to Canada; the protection it would have offered would have revolutionized Canadian aerospace.

The Avro Arrow was born in the early 1950's during the Cold War out of concerns of a Soviet surprise attack. That would take place from the Soviets flying over the Arctic and bombing North America with long ranged bombers (Avro Arrow Archives). With the constant threat of a nuclear surprise attack, Canada was needing an aircraft that when news came in of an incoming Soviet attack. Although the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) had the Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck, it was not fast enough to shoot down a Soviet bomber. The RCAF demanded "an aircraft that would fly faster, higher and farther and carry the most advanced missile system” (The Canadian Encyclopedia, Marsh) this would allow it to shoot down a bomber before it reached civilization. The problem

All because of Canada’s workers intelligence, from scratch, they created the best gear such as handguns, fighter planes, armoured personnel carriers that were to be used overseas. “Canadian industry produced more than 800,000 military transport vehicles, 50,000 tanks, 40,000 field, naval, and anti-aircraft guns, and 1,700,000 small arms”. All of these vehicles, and guns were either designed and put onto blue prints in Canada or the United Kingdom but each and every single vehicle and gun was produced in Canada’s factories. Of the eight hundred thousand military vehicles, approximately one hundred sixty eight thousand were issued to Canadian forces. This meant that our Canadian army had an approximate soldier to vehicle ratio of three soldiers to one vehicle. When the Great Britain joined into the Italian campaign, they had eighty thousand vehicles, and seventy five thousand of those were left behind in the evacuation of Dunkirk. Britain relied on Canada to almost “bail” them out with relief vehicles. Once Canada shipped in their obscene amount of vehicles across the Atlantic, the Germans would find themselves overwhelmed and were forced to retreat out of Sicily, thus proving how strong of a threat Canadians posed to the Axis powers. Not only did the contribution of land vehicles support the Allied troops, on the other hand, but the influx of antiaircraft guns help the

With Canada being close to the Soviets geographically, any attack made by them, whether it was a nuclear strike or an air invasion, they would have to go near or over Canadian airspace in order to attack. Therefore Canada and the United States reached an agreement to create an organization which would control Aerospace in North America. This U.S-Canadian organization was called NORAD (The North American Aerospace Defence Command) and was founded on May 12, 1958 . This organization would detect man-made objects coming into North American airspace, such as Soviet bombers or nuclear warheads. This organization uses aircraft to protect North America from attack. While NORAD would control the skies of North America, it would also monitor the Maritime regions as well. Previous to the establishment of this organization, Canada and the United States also agreed to a long series of radar stations in the Canadian arctic. Known as the DEW line (Distant Early Warning), these radar stations would be used to detect Soviet aircraft coming into North American Airspace. In addition to this DEW Line, which stretched from Alaska to Greenland, Canada also had two more lines of radar stations called “The Mid-Canada Line”, and “The Pine Tree Line”. These radar stations were constructed during the Cold War Era to protect North America from potential Soviet invasion, though the radar lines became obsolete with the invention of Intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM), which

Have you ever wondered what influenced the kind of technology we have today? Well, World War II had a lot to do with it. Specifically, the Canadian scientists and inventors that helped Canada during that war. They have created a large amount of the technology we used during World War II and that we still use today. For example, walkie-talkies were made for soldiers in the army to communicate with each other and radars were made to detect the location of aircraft, ships, motor vehicles, and spacecraft. Radars also helped check how the weather conditions were. Furthermore, Canada didn't defeat Germany in World War II by just using bombs and machine guns, Canada defeated Germany because of the scientists and inventors that enhanced and made those

The Cold War was a competition. The US and the Soviet Union raced to become the world’s number one superpower, building up their militaries, improving their arsenals, and developing more advanced weapons. However, weapons in the war were not limited to only nuclear warheads. The weapons used in the Cold War were nuclear warheads, and hope and terror caused by propaganda.

Its often said that because of the events of the Second World War that Canada grew as a country. Even noted in the London Daily Telegraph when they said “no country has grown in international stature so swiftly and markedly as Canada has done... hers has often been a lonely voice of reason,”12. This statement defines Canada's actions in its development as a middle power – the voice of reason in many international affairs. This is true especially of these two crises that Canada dealt

After World War II, the United States and the Soviets, considerably the two greatest superpowers of that time went from allies to enemies as we entered the era of the Cold war. During this period of time, there were critical turning points that proved vital in the revitalization of the American vitality. One of these pivotal moments derived from the outcome of the 1980 Winter Olympic games. The USA hockey teams defeat over the Soviets boosted the spirits of the American soldiers, as well as the American people. On the contrary, the Soviet Union saw their power dwindle after their major defeat in the Winter Olympic games. This critical shift made way for the downfall of the Soviets reign as a major superpower. To further recognize the Winter Olympic games as an imperative turning point in the Cold War, one must educate oneself on previous history.

Throughout the time periods of 1914-1945, 1950-1970, and 1971- 1990 Canada was involved in many wars that displayed her independence and strength as a country. The World War One battle of Vimy Ridge, in 1917, was the first grand victory of Canadian forces. The Canadian Corps, under Lieutenant-General Julian Byng, independently overcame the Germans. It was clear that, “[the battle of Vimy Ridge] was a stunning victory. The Canadians had gained more ground, taken more prisoners, and captured more artillery than any previous British offensive in the entire war.” (pg. 38, Counterpoints: Exploring Canadian Issues) This victory gave Canadians a sense of pride and provided Canada with a, “reputation of being an elite fighting force.” (pg. 38, Counterpoints: Exploring Canadian Issues) In 1949, Canada gained more international recognition; though, a negative came with it. She formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) with Britain, the United States, and

After the Second World War ended, when Canada and her Allies were still celebrating victory over Germany, a young Russian cipher clerk named Igor Gouzenko walked out of the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa with secret papers stuffed under his shirt and headed straight for the offices of a city newspaper. His unprecedented action would awaken the people of North America to the magnitude and the danger of Soviet espionage and change the course of the twentieth century. Gouzenko was the beginning of the Cold War for public opinion and he did play a role in Canada’s involvement in the war, however, Canada became directly involved in the Cold War due to communist fears, nuclear choices, and ties to a superpower.

The speed of technological development during the Cold War was unprecedented. Both sides utilized thousands of scientists and spent millions of dollars developing new technologies. With this development came new military weaponry for both sides. For example, both the US and Soviet Union produced vasts amounts of missiles. The US

The Cold War is the name specified to the relationship that expanded primarily between the USA and the USSR after World War Two. Canada's subsidy to the Cold War have been restricted in a range to meet the responsibility to the NATO agreement alliance. The Cold War started with Canada as a reinforced member in the western union. Canadian politicians opposed the layout of communism. Canada's tactical position meant that NORAD and additional American security agencies relied on Canada to issue early caution bases. Far from being a lower-ranking colleague, the Cold War found Canada in a position which often was against its southern neighbor. During the Cold War, Canada maintained a very restricted armed force, which wasn’t very good on Canada’s behalf.

In 1968, the Soviet Union came up with a new development- the building of antiballistic missiles defence systems. These were to be used for nuclear, chemical, biological or even conventional warheads in the homeland defence of such a strike because they were designed to counter ICBM’s. As a method to counter this development, United States came up with multiple independently targeted re-entry vehicles (MIRV’s) which improved the chances of avoiding detection by ABM systems. In addition to this, United States also developed its own IBM in order to match that of Soviet Union.