The Badlands And Lakota Land

Saskatchewan was focused upon in this essay for two reasons. The first being that the author had lived in that province for the majority of time they have been in Canada and so is more familiar with the various customs and cultures that exist in the place. The second reason is that the natives have lived on this land for tens of thousands of years, hence an incredible amount of diversity exists among the cultures here . The two cultures focused upon in this essay are the Cree and the Lakota.

The native tribes of the Great Plains and the Eastern Woodlands have surprisingly different adaptions and responses to their expansions by settlers; not only in their cultures, but in their subsistence, warfare, peacemaking, and gender roles as well. Both tribes were forced to adapt and change due to the overtaking on the European settlers, but both managed to do it in different ways.

The Lakota, an Indian group of the Great Plains, established their community in the Black Hills in the late eighteenth century (9). This group is an example of an Indian community that got severely oppressed through imperialistic American actions and policy, as the Americans failed to recognize the Lakota’s sovereignty and ownership of the Black Hills. Jeffrey Ostler, author of The Lakotas and the Black Hills: The Struggle for Sacred Ground, shows that the Lakota exemplified the trends and subsequent challenges that Indians faced in America. These challenges included the plurality of groups, a shared colonial experience, dynamic change, external structural forces, and historical agency.

The American territory was sprawling across the Mississippi River and into new Native American territory. The Great Plains and far West were occupied by both Indians and Hispanics whose custom and way of live were distinct in language religion and kinship and governance. The white settlers and hunters were a threat to the resources in which they used for survival.

The Cheyenne tribe was normally located by the Great Plains present day South Dakota. South Dakota had hot summers and cold winters, their location also had good hunting and grass covered prairies with some streams and rivers. So they had good planting. Some of the animals they hunted were bison also known as buffalo, elks, cougars, deer, bears, porcupines, beavers, eagles, antelopes, and wolves. The geography of the Cheyenne tribe was very well located.

#Sioux wars in Wyoming Minnesota and South Dakota Sioux under sitting bull and crazy horse resisted waves and settlers to keep hunting grounds

Though today, the Blackfoot territory is defined by reserve/reservation boundaries and divided by the United States-Canadian border, their homeland, Nitawahsinnanni (“our land”), continues to be defined by topographical features using their language (The Blackfoot Gallery Committee, 2013, 12). This traditional homeland spans from the North Saskatchewan River (Ponokasisahta, the Elk River) as far south as the Yellowstone River, Montana (Otahkoitahtayi) and from the Rocky Mountains as far East as the “Great Sand Hills

The forming of the geologic features go way back to starting with the beginning of North America millions of years ago. The land that is now known as Eastern California, was covered by a shallow sea. North America was slowly being pushed westward and oceanic crust was being pushed onto the side and being pulled underneath the continent. After continuous repetition, this accretionary wedge formed. This is when some of the crust pushes up onto the edge of the

The Sioux or Lakota was a “nation that was comprised of seven major divisions: the Oglala, Sinchangu, Miniconjou, Hunkpapa, Shihaspa, Itazipcho, and Oohenonpa” (Hassrick 3). The Oglalas or “Scatter One’s Own,’ lived relatively close to the northern branch of the Platte River.) This provided plenty of fertile land for crops and for any livestock they may have had. They were also the most populous of the seven. The Sichangus or “Burnt Thighs” were located just to the south-east of the oglalas. The Miniconjous or “Those Who Plant by the Stream” and the Oohenonpas or “Two Boilings, more commonly known as “Two Kettles,” lived to the north of the Sinchangus. Together, these seven divisions formed what would be known as the seven council fires.

North Dakota is one state that contains both the badlands and the great plains. In fact, it is where they meet. Just because it has the badlands it does not mean that it is ugly. It is actually the opposite the flowers make it beautiful. Although, in 1803, the Louisiana purchase only got the northwestern part of North Dakota. But later received the rest.

The Bakken Formation is a Late Devonian to Early Mississippian formation within the Williston Basin as seen below in Figure 1. To understand the process that formed the Bakken it is necessary to understand the formation of the Williston Basin as a whole. Figure 1 represents the stratigraphy of the Williston Basin. The Bakken Source Rock can be seen between the Devonian and the Mississippian contacts in this diagram. This figure also shows that the Williston Basin began subsiding in the Late Cambrian and continued to subside since then (Peterson, 1995). Also seen in Figure 1 is the Nesson Anicline that

Stronger rocks are usually formed at highland are more resistant and erodes slower than weaker rocks for, example limestone and chalk. Limestone is a permeable rock as it lets water pass through it and tends to form dry upland areas with few stream and thin soil.

The size and the distribution of lithofacies of the Smackover Formation were determined by the structure of the incipient paleo-topography. The Smackover Formation is subdivided into lower, middle and the upper members. The lower member has a thickness that arranges ranges from some few feet to over 100 feet. This lower member is thinnest near the central parts of the depositional basins, and the up dip areas are the thickest. The middle member has light brown to medium skeletal wackestones that are interbedded with carbonate mudstones that are organic and highly argillaceous. The middle member is thinnest in the up dip areas and thickest in the depositional sub-basins, which can reach up to 400 feet in the Mississippi Interior Salt

The picture on the left is an illustration of the above mentioned faults taken by USGS Science for a Better World. Relatively thick sequences of sandstone that were probably deposited in deep marine environments and resemble the type Butano Sandstone of the Santa Cruz Mountains. These Sandstones, however, overlie Franciscan rock and were probably deposited well over one hundred miles southeast of the type of Butano Sandstone they belong to. They reached their present location by large amounts of right-lateral slip along the nearby San Andreas Fault. The sequence consists mostly of interbedded arkosic sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone with locally abundant conglomerate lenses. A basal breccia and conglomerate that contains fragments of Franciscan graywacke up to 15 ft long is present. Chaotically bedded zones are abundant throughout the rocks; they consist of large blocks of sandstone set in a shredded mudstone matrix and are probably of both tectonic and synsedimentary

There is an old basaltic dyke that intruded along to the sandstone and it continues south. The dark clay colour material is the result of weathering of basalt. This dyke is one of the few dykes over that area, and the formation of the dyke has influenced the rocks through contact