The Bank Of England Credit Report

The fact that banks control 97% of the world's money supply makes them a vital institution. Banks are the engine of our modern financial system and a source for economic growth. The bank's ability to create credit can have destructive effects; the Great Depression of 1929 and the Great Recession of 2008. In both cases, banks spurred on an asset bubble through overextending credit to aid the purchase of assets. The result was an economic collapse that wiped out wealth and reduced credit creation which stalled productive investments. The lessons of the two great economic collapse support the notion proposed by the author, that bank credit for transactions that do not contribute to the economy should be restricted.

The failure and crisis in the financial markets and institutions can be caused by many factors. One can be inefficient allocation of resources (Pilbeam, 1998). Every operation of financial institutions includes monetary transactions. Whenever there is a shortage of money; crisis start. Therefore for all the operations of financial markets and institutions sufficient

Maintaining the stability of the financial system and containing systemic risk that may arise in financial markets.

Financial crisis is really a major concern for all economies in the world. Every time a crisis occurs, companies, banks and financial institutions should draw their own lessons, because if the lessons are not recognized, they may still go on the trail of failure of

To maintain stability of the financial system and contain universal threats of the financial markets

Financial markets are crucial to promoting greater economic efficiency by channeling funds from people who do not have a productive use for them to those who do. Well functioning financial markets are a key factor in producing high economic growth, and poorly performing financial markets, vice versa. Financial markets and intermediaries have the basic function of getting people together by moving funds from those who have a surplus of funds to those who have a shortage of funds.

The overall development of an economy is a major factor that has significant impacts on the development of the economy's financial markets. Since well-functioning financial systems offer good and easily accessible information, they lower the costs of transaction. This in turn enhances resource allocation and strengthens economic growth. The financial services industry consists of various systems such as stock markets and banking systems that enhance growth and help in poverty reduction. However, commercial banks tend to dominate the financial system during low levels of economic development while stock markets become more active and effective during periods of high levels of economic development ("Financial Sector", n.d.). The other important systems in the financial services industry include sound macroeconomic policies, shareholder protection, and good legal systems.

There were several financial crises in our modern world, some say the 2008 is still being felt. After the great depression, depository activities and investment activities were kept separate. Depository activities hold and facilitate the exchange of securities - investments such as bonds which allow investors to own assets without taking possession, meaning they can be easily traded. In 1999, the financial services modernization act eliminated this separation. Therefore financial companies began connecting depository activities with investment activities. For example, Wall Street sold collections of mortgages to investors and made large profits. Lenders had to give out more loans but since they have already given loans to borrowers with good

The near-collapse of the financial system in the United States was the most substantial economic crisis in the U.S. since the Great Depression of the 1920s and 1930s. Since the crisis began in late 2007, more than 6 million Americans had lost their jobs, large and important financial institutions failed, and trillions of dollars in savings and retirement accounts had been lost. It is generally accepted that problems in the United States housing market are at the root of the current United States and global financial crisis. Regardless the causes and responsibilities, what is clear is that the result is a seriously weakened global financial system. It is important to thoroughly study the causes and consequences of the U.S. financial crisis and

This position has given it some of the substantial reasons for it to stir the economies of the world, and in the 1990s, the banks in the USA became the financial instruments for deposits of the surplus from the oil producing countries. The Real domestic product (GDP) began to contract towards the third quarter of 2008, with a gradual annual fall since the 1950s (Suter 45). The capital investments which was on the decline in 2006 matching the 1958 post war record in the first quarter of 2009, dropping by 23.2%. Furthermore, the rising tide on bad debt threatened the solvency of most of the banks. The changes in the Federal Reserve policies created panic in the inter-blending market (Gup 44). This was due to the uncertainty in which banks would survive their tenure in the lending of money to anyone leading to the censure of the economy. The investors in the stock market panicked making them send all their stock shares to a free fall. The decline in the shares significantly reduced the capital shares that greatly affected the bank regulatory system as it is based on the idea that the loans borrowed have to be a certain multiple of the bank capital (Dalton 63). This led to a massive decline in the lending system that significantly threatens the stability of the system. The significant effects of the financial crisis were more apparent was first detected in the US

A financial crisis involves the value of financial institutions or assets dropping rapidly. It is often associated with a panic on the banks causing investors to sell off assets or withdraw money from savings accounts. This is the result of concern that the value of those assets will drop if left at the financial institution. As the crisis intensifies there is a significant change in the amount of risk that world financial markets are willing and able to accept. This results in easy credit conditions becoming a situation of tight credit and is accompanied by reduced consumer and business confidence. According to experts, credit is the most vital piece to a successful economy. Consumers and businesses rely on credit to make large purchases. In recent years, the American economy has experienced the most severe global financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930’s. Unemployment rates rose, and stock and housing markets tumbled. These combined had dramatic effects on American households.

In regards to the Financial Crisis of 2007-2009, a few conceivable reasons can be taken into consideration. For instance, high consumer deficit, high corporate deficit, complex money related securities, transient subsidizing markets got to be vital, extensively feeble administrative/business sector controls, shortcoming in the share trading system, shortcoming in the housing business sector, as well as worldwide monetary shortcomings. Besides the previously mention examples, the untrustworthy conduct by budgetary organizations, the disappointment of the national bank to stop lethal home loans, and over-obtaining by consumers can also be incorporated and taken into account. The effect of the monetary crisis from the perspective of firms was that they confronted declining interest for their products. The organizations thought that it was hard to acquire reserves, in light of the fact that the banks' trust in them had declined. Moreover, the organizations confronted solid rivalry from outside organizations. The likelihood of bankruptcy lingered. From the point of view of investors, the crisis implied conceivable loss of stores and loss of avenues to contribute (Carbaugh, 2006). The financial specialists expected to hunt down more

The world economy faced its worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s in 2008. The largest bankruptcies in the world has happened which resulting in over 30 million people lose their job and brought many countries to the edge of insolvency. It has shown that many people can’t find the job although they didn’t stop looking in finding for work and millions have lost their home in this financial crisis.

Financial System is like the heart of the human beings, if it stops working then the person is dead in the same way that if the financial system stops working, then the economy would collapse. It is inherent in every society the law of supply and demand. There will always be those who have surplus resources and others will have deficit. Financial System is crucial to the allocation of these resources.

In 2008, the world experienced a tremendous financial crisis which is rooted from the U.S housing market. Moreover, it is considered by many economists as one of the worst recessions since the Great Depression in 1930s. After bringing a huge effect on the U.S economy, the financial crisis expanded to Europe and the rest of the world. It ruined economies, crumble financial corporations and impoverished individual lives. For example, the financial crisis has resulted in the collapse of massive financial institutions such as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Lehman Brothers and AIG. These collapses not only influenced own countries but also international scale. Hence, the intervention of governments by changing and expanding the monetary