The Bare Bones Of Cancer

Subsequently, each cell that develops from the fertilized egg will receive this mutated gene. He states that for a cancer to manifest, two mutations must occurs. In hereditary cancers, the person inherit one mutant gene. The second mutation occurs as result of a mitotic error during the many cell division that occurs in the person's lifetime. In sporadic cases both mutation occur in the person's lifetime. In sporadic cases both mutation occurs after fertilization an are acquired much later in life. From this Kudson conclude that hereditary cancers manifest at younger age and there is a higher incidence of multiple tumors, where sporadic cancers occur late in the life and usually only a single tumor occurs. The principal causes of cancer appears to be environmental agents. A good example of this is skin cancer. The condition has increased among fair skinned people who expose themselves to too much sunshine, while being very uncommon among dark skinned races (knudson 1971, cited in Ormiston, 1995). Therefore, most genetic alteration are acquired through our life time from environmental carcinogens with only a small percentage been inherited. However, inherited cancers are very important as it appears that the genes responsible for, hereditary cancer maybe the same as those involved in sporadic malignancies.

While there are several biological factors that have the ability to lead to cancer, genetics is the most currently researched. A study done by Bharaj, Scorilas, Giai and

The American Cancer Society states that cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. If the spread is not controlled, it can result in death (10). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, cancer is the second leading cause of death. In 2002 alone, half a million Americans will die of this disease. Of this numerical figure, it is estimated that perhaps more than 1,500 individuals a day will die. In addition, one of every four deaths in America is from cancer (9).

There are 206 bones in the adult human skeleton; these bones relate to movement, posture, and protect internal organs (American society of Clinical Oncology, 2012).Bones connect to bones with ligaments and are covered and protected by cartilage (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012).Cancer of the bone is rare but is caused by normal bone marrow and tissues inside the bone that change and form tumors(American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The tumor happens in the bone and is benign it does not spread (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The benign tumor can press against surrounding tissues and weaken the bone it it grows big enough (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Malignant bone tumors break the surrounding tissue and cortex, hard covering of the bone (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The tumor can then get into the bloodstream and spread all over the body (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Osteosarcoma and ewing sarcoma are the two most common type of bone cancer (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Chondrosarcoma is more common in adults and is cancer of the cartilage (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The last type of bone cancer is chordoma which usually starts in the lower spinal cord (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Ewing sarcoma is a type of bone cancer that affects the hip, rib, and middle of bone most often (National Cancer Institution, 2015). Ewing

Bone cancer is considered as a rare disease in which cancer cells grow in the bone tissue. It requires to be treated immediately because when bone tumor grows, it presses on healthy bone tissue and can destroy it, which causes pain and swelling where the tumor is located. People has bone cancer will experience burning pain at the early stage and as the tumor develops, the pain become more persistent. Beside that, the bone can easily break due to the cancerous cells can weaken the bone. In some cases, if the tumor grows near a joint, it may make normal movements

“The symptoms depend on the type and location of the tumor. For example, lung tumors may cause coughing, shortness of breath, or chest pain. Tumors in the colon can cause weight loss, diarrhea, constipation, iron deficiency anemia, and blood in the stool.” (https://medlineplus.gov). Some tumors may not cause any symptoms until they reach a more advanced stage. Some regular symptoms of a tumor include: fatigue, fever, appetite loss, chills, weight loss, pain, and night sweats.

Inherited genetic syndromes:Inherited gene changes or mutation can be passed from parents to the child. These gene changes may cause a risk of 10% of pancreatic cancers. Sometimes these changes result in syndromes that include increased risks of other cancers also.

Cancer occurs as an result of mutations in the genes responsible for regulating the growth of cells and keeping them healthy. Normally, the cells in our bodies replace themselves , healthy new cells take over as old ones die out, but, over time, mutations can “turn on” certain genes and “turn off” others in a cell. That changed cell gains the ability to keep dividing without control or order, producing more cells like it and forming a tumor.

The area where the tumor is might have swelling. Fractures: Cancerous cells can weaken the bone, and this may sometimes result in a fracture. Tumor may cause pain in joints. weight loss and fatigue that accompanies bone pain may be a sign of bone cancer. Other symptoms, such as difficulty

Just the idea of a cancer makes people anxious and terrified. There are many different types of cancers, in which are not less dangerous then the other, if not caught on time. Although it is the year 2015 and there has been an extraordinary amount of medical advances in cancer treatment, there is still no cure. This leads to mysterious thoughts of cancer returning, to people all over the world. Cancer in the bones can play an enormous part in other body parts if not caught on time. Cancers such as breast, lung, prostate etc. can call lead to cancer in the bones. This is not necessarily “bone cancer” itself, but for example, if breast cancer is too far advanced, and it reaches the bones, the course of treatment is not changed, because it still looks and acts as breast cancer. This is called metastatic cancer. Although some may confuse cancer in the bones, and bone cancer, bone cancer itself is different. This is often called sarcoma. Along with sarcomas starting in the bone, it can also start in muscles, blood vessels and fibrosis tissue. The primary and most common type of sarcomas is Osteosarcoma.

A) The signs and symptoms of Osteosarcoma include bone fracture occurring after a routine movement, bone pain, pain when lifting if the tumor is in the arm, limping if the tumor is in the leg, a bone fracture, swelling or redness around the tumor site. (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001650.htm)

There are a wide variety of cancers affecting people and their loved ones everyday such as breast, lung, brain, and skin cancer just to name a few. Bone cancer is a rare type of cancer not talked about quite as often, but it still affects a large number of people. It is important to learn about bone cancer and its many manifestations in order to make quicker diagnoses and hopefully move closer towards finding a cure.

The tears, stress and frustration of one receiving the conformation they have cancer. The heartbreaking news a patient never wants to hear. A feeling that is not quite explainable. The heart shattering announcement that numbs and sends feeling of hopelessness through the body. Several families and individuals go through the process of figuring out one has cancer, each and every day. Cancer is one of the major causes of death to the public each year. For years, the cure to this corruption has been researched and studied. To this date the cure for cancer is unknown, however treatments like chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery are very beneficial to many patients.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide as it can develop in almost any organ or tissue. Significant advances in understanding the cellular basis of cancer and the underlying biological mechanisms of tumour has been vastly improved in the recent years (Jiang et al. 1994). Cancer is a genetic disease which requires a series of mutation during mitosis to develop, its characteristics can be associated with their ability to grow and divide abnormal cells uncontrollable while in the mean time invade and cause nearby blood vessels to serve its need. Even though many people are affected by cancer today, the abilities which cancer cells have make it hard to find a single effective treatment for cancer. The focus of research now lies

There are many ways that you can get cancer. You can get cancer from smoking, sunlight, your diet, mold, viruses, and inheritance. Out of those factors, the most common cause of cancer today is smoking. All cancers are genetic because they are caused by the mutations that happen to the gene. Some common cancers that are