Guanxi, though seemingly self-explanatory, has been plagued by a multitude of definitions. Simply, it can be defined as ‘relationships’ or ‘connections’, however it also connotes the idea that the ties created are built upon exchange and reciprocity. Distinct from outright gift-giving, it reflects a complex set of philosophical concerns, formal ideals, and cultural traditions. As such, in order to analyse its relevance to corruption, the parameters of its practice must first be established. By first constructing a definition of guanxi which counters more formally rigid definitions (see: Guthrie 1998; Li 2011), in search of a working definition, this essay will abandon the hunt for a definitive, universally held ‘truth.’ Due to the variety of ways in which guanxi is viewed, ultimately there is no such solid definition to be found. Rather, the study of guanxi benefits from a flexible approach. Anthropologists have used a variety of methods to understand the fundamental elements of guanxi. Kipnis (1997), using Hebdige’s (1987) concept of ‘versioning’, has provided one such framework. This idea was originally employed to refer to the multiple reworkings of a song, theme, or style that occur through continual reproduction: There are no single points of origin, and there are no single examples that represent the pure essence of a given song, theme, or cultural practice. Versioning allows one to envision both change and continuity over time and makes psychological essentialism
During the 1900s, passion of composing music arose and encouraged many young teens to create garage bands and elder to perceive music as career. Famous musicians like Robert Johnson, Bill Monroe, and Elvis Presley were seeking the same. Although many were composing songs, most of them adapted their own versions from many which created a list of similarities and differences between them. Most commonly similar were themes or forms yet some differentiated in delivery style or instrumentation. Many artists got more creative and used similar instruments but give a twist into the sound play. This can be seen in the script or heard in the audio of the songs “Walkin’ Blues” and “Blue Moon of Kentucky” like many others.
Citizens take pride in their economic independence, mexico still values community in its cities and towns, its plazas and schools, and its work organizations. In Mexican culture the expectation of working and socializing together is a key component of society, and has a basis in the strong ties formed within the family. However, lack of faith in the government is a result of widespread political corruption. Even at the lowest levels, police officers readily accept bribes from those wishing to avoid the nuisance of a traffic ticket or a night in prison. In recent years, the government has begun addressing this corruption by reducing the number of state-owned businesses and calling on Mexicans to refuse to give bribes. This, however, has proven difficult, and the progress has been slow.
In the music industry, it is not uncommon for original songs to be rerecorded and altered by other artists resulting in what is known as a cover song. One example of this situations occurrence can be seen in Vance Joy’s indie folk-pop song, “Riptide”, that was famously covered by pop and country crossover artist, Taylor Swift. Overall, there are many factors that go into the relationship between an original and cover song and the artists of each song. Such as both artist’s connection to the song and the relationship between the artists themselves. There are also differences between the original and cover songs themselves including song structure, instrumentation, vocals, lyrics, and lyrical meaning.
Someone who is abusing the power that is given to him or her defines corruption, however, the word in its self is more than a simple idea; it is an intricate network. Since people’s views about ethical and moral behavior affect the way corruption is examined, the word has a slightly different meaning to each person. Additionally, misconduct across various societies is viewed differently due to social and cultural borders. The criminal justice system has had many instances where corruption had affected the outcome of a case and has inserted itself into the legal process.
Robert Van Gulik was a Dutch diplomat stationed in various countries mostly in Japan and China. He also attained a PhD for dissertation on the horse cult in Northeast Asia even though he made a career in the Dutch diplomatic service he was a very well educated man on Asian Culture. Van Gulik translated the 18th century detective novel Dee Goong An into English under the title, Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee. He is also the known author of, The Chinese Maze Murders, The Chinese Bell Murders, and The Chinese Lake Murders. Judge Dee’s main thesis is to represent a perspective of the people and culture of China through an analysis of ancient Chinese criminal justice. We should value Van Gulik’s scholarship because he spent a major part of his life immersed in Asian culture as a diplomat. His ability as a linguist fit him well for his occupation and
Additionally, Siu’s notes give insight into the lives of early Chinese prostitutes that show even under harsh conditions of violence and oppression, some women still found avenues in which they could claim their independence through selling sex. I focus on spaces of the intimate because; one, these spaces are often charged with all the inflections of political, social, cultural, and cultural understandings; and two, written documents quoted directly from prostitutes are exceedingly rare, this fact is compounded further when searching for the narratives of lower class and immigrant women. Because most early Chinese women migrants did not speak English they did not
Music is a unique way of expressing one’s self, though ideas can become recycled and borrowed by other artists. These days, a particularly older person could hear a newly-released song and find the music to be familiar. An artist can simply borrow the music from an older song and then incorporate it into a new song of their own. Many artists and songwriters nowadays use this technique in their own music. Say an older person was to hear the smash hit “Shape of You” by songwriter and singer Ed Sheeran. They would hear a song that they once treasured from their days in the club. The song “No Scrubs” by a high-selling music trio of the 1990’s, called TLC, once wrote a song that contains that same music. This is a perfect representation of the idea of reused music.
The paper will focus on comparing two different songs by discussing their context and highlighting the similarities and differences between both chosen songs. The comparison will be based on the background information for each song as well as peripheral information about the albums. The comparison will also include any contextual similarities and differences between the songs. The two chosen songs for the comparison are: 'Woodstock' by Joni Mitchell and 'The Times They Are a-Changin' by Bob Dylan.
Do you ever wonder what is the meaning behind what you so proudly sing whenever you hear it? Music is an art form of culture which organizes sound with times It first came around in prehistoric times, however, as times passes, music is drastically changing. As a result, in the last decades music has experienced drastic changes in the themes they are talking about. These changes are due to the generations and what they are living, political and social actions of the time. For example, the decade of the 80s was the rise of hip-hop and rap music from a local phenomenon to a worldwide known genre of music. Previously, a crack cocaine epidemic had stroke major cities in the USA and it coincided with the rise of hip-hop in black communities as these
All music has changed tremendously throughout the years. Each generation has several specific songs that defines that generation. Every song has different lyrics that describe the emotions that the artists are feeling. The songs connect to each individual in many different ways. Lyrics to a song is what makes music wonderful. Each song touches someone through ways like teaching a life lesson or touching your heart. Every generation has music that impacts the world by motivating people to do certain things or defines a person’s personality. Each generation has music that defines the generation.
The unlawful use of a person’s position while in power leads to multiple problems with today’s government. The corrupt methods politicians use are ideas that are strictly in place for personal gain. Present throughout history and still prevalent within today’s world, government corruption has consisted of a number of negative issues including bribery, economic and social impacts, and the misuse of power. Government’s role within daily life has been shown to have negative effects as seen in many aspects of life as well as in literature.
Ancient civilisations did not condemn prostitution as sinful, but within the course of events over the past century, the view in most societies has changed to deem the act to the contrary (Thio p 214). To define prostitution as a deviance one must take into consideration the dynamics to which it applies. In correspondence with the Interactionist Perspective, Anleu observes how it is not the act of prostitution but how people identify it that makes it deviant .
Dramatic arts became an essential and esteemed form of entertainment during the Song Dynasty. The Chinese theater ran the gamut of all possible kinds of play or composition. A testament to the Song’s work toward variety in entertainment “the drama made quite a feature of short farcical scenes, acrobatic turns and satirical
The unique guanxi culture in Chinese society sets its societal framework distinctively apart from the West. Although guanxi is often portrayed as one’s social network, it is much different from the so-called “connections” in Western society. Guanxi is a special social phenomenon in the Chinese societal context. It has survived throughout history and continues to be a prevalent trend because it has its Chinese characteristics and attributes that are not found in other societies. The existence of guanxi in Chinese society originated from the core Chinese value of collectivism. Since centuries ago, Chinese society’s group life and social organization has been based on collective interests. “Familial sentiments and obligations, [which were regarded as ethical relations], extended from the family into society [later on]”. The unofficial, informal networks of familial and kinship obligations provided the social support mechanisms through which peasant families survived in the economy of transition and hardships” (Bian, 2001, p.276). The twin themes of guanxi and the sense of hierarchy mutually enhance each other because private networks thrive through the existence of the principle of giving and reciprocating, which highlights that there is a dependent on a more resourceful party in the relationship. The future of the twin themes in China will continue to be built upon mutual reliance and the looked upon generous favour giver in bridging the connections between multiple parties.
Some say that the Chinese government allows tolerable corruption to motivate officials so that they do not have to reward them in other materialistic ways that are incongruent to the benevolent image of the party (Fan, Grossman, 2000). Anti-corruption activities only target on exposing and punishing smaller cases to appease the masses while corruption at the higher levels is often left unscathed (Pei, 2007).