During the time of the Civil War there were many battles going on off of the battlefield that placed the United States of America in great turmoil. While the literal war was being fought throughout the country there were still political, ethical and emotional battles taking place. A big question of the Civil War was about its origins and if there was more than just one cause for the rebellion of the South. Many issues at hand during this time are: slavery, westward expansion, and states’ rights. Westward expansion and states’ rights tend to be two sides of the same coin while slavery is a big issue in and of itself. These authors are addressing their thoughts on the Civil War and what they thought caused it. A historiographical question …show more content…
Owsley wrote of the agrarian society in the South with the underlying question of slavery and why it was such a needed matter in order to keep business flowing in the South. He addresses the idea that the North could never understand how the South functions until the North themselves was as filled with African Americans as the South was at that time. So why was it that the South was so filled and had such a “need” for slaves while the workers in the North were doing hard manual labor on their own? “Party Failure” by Nichols suggests that with the change of political parties at this time and the change of a long reigning Democratic government to that of a Republic government what in that could have been a bigger cause for the war. A historiographical question in this article could be why, after all these years and peaceful changings of power before, was there a war started due to the absurd idea of political parties, after all George Washington did tell the United States to stay away from them. So if political parties would not have been around would there have been as much of a cause to start a war. The article by James Ford Rhodes, “Slavery, the Sole Cause” argued that the Civil War was caused by slavery and slavery alone. Rhodes wrote “If the negro had never been brought to America and enslaved, South Carolina would not have
Despite the differences in the primary reasons for Northerners in the war, Gallagher and Manning’s arguments align on certain aspects of slavery: both argue that in order for the Union to successfully win the war, slavery needed to be abolished. Gallagher argues that many northerners realized that in order to end the war and to rid nation of conflict and threat to the Union, slavery would need to be abolished. He argues, “Without slavery and the various issues related to its expansion, most white northerners could envision no serious internal threat to their beloved union.” Similarly, Manning also argues that there was a threat to the union because of slavery, whether Northerners liked it or not: “In 1861, a large and growing number of ordinary soldiers believed that a war endangering the Union had come about because of slavery. White Southerners’ willingness to destroy the Union over slavery made the war about slavery whether an individual Union soldier wanted it that way or not.” Therefore, Manning’s argument states that there is a need for the end of slavery in order to preserve the Union.
The points presented in Tanner’s book deserve recognition on the basis that the author’s thesis is addressing a hypothetical supposition. However, the thesis here is unconventional, as Tanner doesn’t introduce any innovative ideas, rather asserting how other historians’ bases are false. Throughout his book, Tanner addresses a major problem of the Confederacy: how did the Confederate States of America lose the war, and, if possible, how might victory have been achieved? Tanner submits that something known as a Fabian strategy cannot be attributed to how the Confederacy might have won the war because of how this strategy exhausted popular support for the war.
Documents J, K, L, M, and N give examples of how the U.S. government became more involved in the country’s political divide. Document J talks about the Kansas-Nebraska act and how it wasn’t for the U.S. government to decide what states were free and not. It was now based off of the idea of popular sovereignty. Each state got to choose their respective choice based on their morals. The map in the document shows the states and their choices. This act caused states to be more divided and a clash between “pro-slavery and anti-slavery supporters for Kanas.” From this I can conclude, that the bitterness between the two ideas of slavery caused issues, which added more fuel to the Civil War. Document K is about the attack of Charles Sumner for using his freedom of speech to attack pro-slavery supporters and how one angry pro-slavery supporter responded. This claim is supported through an illustration of the angry slavery supporter, Preston Brooks, beating Charles Sumner with his cane. The caption of the illustration is “southern chivalry’ which is ironic because the South is known for being sweet and having great hospitality. From this I can conclude that America was beginning to strongly turn on each other after this point, which fueled the start of the Civil War even more. Document L is about the Dred-Scott decision. This was controversial because Scott lived in a free state and his old master had died, meaning he should technically have rights to be free. Scott was denied by the Supreme Court. The Fifth Amendment says “no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, and property without due process of law”. Scott was still held back from the “political community” even though a U.S. amendment gives him the right to be free. From this I can conclude that, at this point the government was holding back any black they could from living a full life to keep their
Among many historians, the Civil War was irrepressible and therefore inevitable. The rising sectional struggles over the issue of slavery between the 1840s to late 1850s inevitably led to Confederate secession from the Union and ultimately the Civil War. The issue of “slavery had to expand or die” generated intense conflict between pro and anti-slavery forces to the point of which diplomacy and reconciliation was unthinkable.(Why War Came 363) Furthermore, both groups perceived that they were being oppressed by the other which created immense sectional division. In addition, the birth of the Republican Party, which favored free labor over slave labor, and its’ rise to dominate the national government tremendously
The romanticized version of the Civil War creates a picture of the North versus the South with the North imposing on the South. However, after reading “The Making of a Confederate” by William L. Barney, one can see that subdivisions existed before the war was declared. The documents analyzed by Barney primarily focus on the experiences of Walter Lenoir, a southern confederate and a member of the planter elite. His experiences tell a vivid story of a passionate and strongly opinioned participant of the Civil War as well as demonstrate a noticeably different view involving his reasoning when choosing a side. Between analyzing this fantastic piece of literature and other resourceful documents from “Voices of Freedom” by Eric Foner, one
As Civil War became increasingly evident and unavoidable in the United States, what the war was about was highly contested and is still argued to this day. People in the south were unapologetically saying that they were fighting for slavery. However, Abraham Lincoln’s initial statement is that the war was for “union”, however this narrative eventually evolved when it was too difficult to avoid discussing slavery. Slavery was the primary cause of the civil war, however there were also many underlying themes that helped lead the country to war. Many of these themes included the economic, ideological, and political differences the country was facing, however all of these somehow link back to slavery.
Thesis: Despite the Confederate momentum going into Antietam, the battle would be the overall turning point of the Civil War.
As the first major battle of the Civil War the First Battle of Bull Run was an end to the illusions of a quick war and instead was a first glimpse of into the long and bloody four-year struggle the Civil War would become. In this paper the battle and its many repercussions across the political, social and military spectrum of the Union and Confederacy will be explored.
On March 2, 1861 Texas became the seventh state to join the new Confederacy. Texas played a part in the war which this and all future generations of Texans can be justly proud of. Its people gave their full measure of courage and devotion to the cause. Texas forces distinguished themselves throughout the war in numerous ways, however one of the most significant was the state proving itself to be all but impregnable to the Union. During the course of the Civil War, the Union tried four times to take a foothold in the State of Texas.
The North and the South both had to make extreme adjustments in order to prepare themselves for an all-out internal war. Both sides of this conflict grew from the same place. Despite the impulse to close ranks amid the culture wars, however, professional historians have not abandoned the debate over Civil War causation. Rather, they have rightly concluded that there is not much of a consensus on the topic after all. Most people believe that the Civil war was fought over the slavery enterprise, and they are partially right. The civil war did in fact have ties to opposition and the attempted removal of slavery in the United States, but that was not the only reason for this bloody and ill-fated War Between the States.
The Civil war was one of the biggest turning points in United States history. The nation’s failure to compromise on the subject of slavery led to an outbreak of war. Battles such as Gettysburg, Vicksburg, and Shiloh led to what we know of today as a free nation. Great technological advancements in weaponry led to mass casualties among both north and south, often making death inevitable. Those who bravely served and those who were forced to serve lived a life of fear, starvation, and commitment to battle. Brethren killed each other for the sake of southern slaves. Not only did the soldiers have it rough, but the civilian population suffered hardships as well. Lack of everyday goods made it nearly impossible just to carry on with life. This turning point, the American Civil War, tore apart and further solidified us to the point of where we are today.
It was a group of radical Republicans and southern Democrats in 1865 that set the tone for one of the most infamous and earlier gridlock stories in Congress. After the assignation of Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson became president and the dispute incurred over how to fix the country. The Civil War had left the country with insurmountable damage and Congress could not agree on how to rectify the situation. Northern Republicans wanted to open voting rights to former slaves, which is exactly what the southern Democrats did not want. These Republicans, wanting to get more votes, passed two voting right pieces of legislation, which Johnson vetoes. Thus begins not only gridlock in Congress, but also attempted impeachment of Andrew Jackson. Gridlock is brought about by valid and meaningful pieces of legislations that both major political parties cannot agree to instate and while Congress may not agree to pass it, most often it is the citizens that suffer. (Browning)
Have you ever wondered why the Civil War happened or why it was so substantial to American History? What was the battle that changed it all; that made it the history it is today? Many people have made speculations on the causes of the war and what the major turning point was, but cannot really narrow it down. In James McPherson’s Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam he points out the pivotal moments in American history that led up to and changed the Civil War, so that the reader can get a better insight on the causes and major moments that took place. McPherson explains that the Battle of Antietam was the battle that changed the course of the Civil War along with other important battles and moments.
Slavery, some historians argue, was the main cause for the Civil War. It was one of the biggest issues in the 1800 's. Slavery generated conflict between the Southern and Northern states. The South was heavily reliant on slavery. They had a lot of plantations, which
On the early morning of April 12, 1861 at 4:30 am, Confederates were the first to fire shots at Fort Sumter, which in turn ignited the tragic, bloody, American Civil War. The Civil War caused brothers to fight against brothers, over 600,000 deaths, and ended slavery. The Confederates, however, did not just too randomly decide to bombard Fort Sumter out of the blue. Prior to the attack, there was many years of tension that had led up to that moment. The cause of the Civil War had a lot more to it than just one reason. The confederates wanted to secede because of slavery, economics, conflicting cultures, and extremism.