The Battle of Algiers and The Algerian Insurgency Essay

People try to help people when sometimes, no help is needed. During the 1800's, the more developed countries wished to expand and help to develop other nations. They did this by the process called imperialism. One of these developed countries was France, who imperialized Algeria. They did this for many reasons such as nationalism and the White Man's Burden. French Imperialism on Algeria was harmful during and after Algerian independence politically, socially and economically. It was harmful during because politically, the French took over Algeria by force and forced them to do their work. Socially harmful because the Algerians morals and way of life depleted. And economically because they were given jobs equal to lower class citizens, and did not help their economy. After independence, Algeria did not keep the changes that France had previously made politically, socially and economically. Making the whole process harmful to Algeria

Algeria is a republic, having won independence from France on July 5, 1962 (U.S. Department of State).

Resistance movements from the native Algerian population caused the new civil government to adopt a policy of settler superiority. This new government did not favor the Algerian people as the military regime has done in the past and instead established a system that would benefit the European minority much more than the Muslim majority. To start with, the new government sent representatives from the Algerian colony to the French parliament, but these representatives were of course French men and did not care for the native population. This in turn led into a total control of the Algerian economy and political structure by the settlers. This was part of the colonization process on the part of France which consisted of two parts, Assimilation and Association.

Algerians were once under the rule of the Ottoman empire and a lot of Algerians ended up becoming Muslim. Although the Algerian people were happy to see the end of the Ottoman rule they did not want to be under the new rule of the French government who had helped them get rid of the Ottoman. In an Article called Algeria: What were the effects of assimilation the author describes the life of Muslim Algerian natives after the French came a drove out the Ottoman Empire and the struggles Algeria faced to become independent. “By the late 19th century, colonial policies had turned Muslims into second class citizens compared to European settlers. Laws defined Algerians as subjects rather than citizens unless they agreed…”. The French that governed

Algeria did eventually gain independence from France; on 1962 the signing of “Les Accords D’Evian” marked the end of France’s rule. Uprising of Algerian Muslims against European Algerians paved the path to independence. A while of violence, attacks, and terrorist groups led to peace talks between Algerian and French delegators. The aim was for the nation’s independence and a ceasefire; which was achieved when France declared a ceasefire would take effect on March 19, 1962 (Çelikgil, Beril, and Martine Boussaud, 2014).

The fighting continued as Algerians got support from both sides. In the end a peace negotiation was made between the French and FLN so Algeria gained independence on July 5, 1962. This began Algerians long line of

The imperialism of Algiers started in 1820 when the French refused to pay for wheat from Algeria. Ten years later, the French invaded Algeria and gained control of their country and was eventually a departement of France (departement are like states). The French built many villages that were very similar to those in France. Many European countries at this time were looking to take over countries in Africa. France picked Algeria because it was near the ocean, had fertile lands, petroleum, natural gases, uranium, and many resources. France wanted to create jobs for those who fought in the Napoleonic Wars because they didn’t have enough jobs in France. France also wanted to pay off their debt from the many wars they had. Lastly, they wanted to spread their religion because they thought

They began to create industries, banks, schools, shops, and services like those in France. There was even a change in family structure, being that liberation was more encouraged for the Algerian women by the French. The movement made the young women more responsible for the future of their country, causing them to prioritize in such a way where becoming a wife was not the only thing of importance. When France attempted to erase Algeria’s Islamic religion, It caused for many revolts. This did though, introduce the religion of Christianity to Algeria. In 1872 the French stopped the revolt and began to lessen rights of Algerians increasingly. And so, in absence of full rights, the citizens of Algeria had tried to keep their traditional ways without being able to carry firearms, hold public meetings or leave their hometowns without being permitted by the French

This paper will be explaining the similarities, and differences, between the Vietnam War and the War in Afghanistan. There are many topics that bring these two wars together. However, I am only going to be talking about public support, policy objectives, military strategy, weapons, fighting spirit, links to home, and death totals. These topics have a lot of information about them, but there is too much to write about every little detail, so I will cover the broad overview of them. Each paragraph will be about one of the topics. There will also be a discussion about insurgencies and counter insurgency operations. These are two big topics in Vietnam and Afghanistan since almost all of the enemy in both wars were, and are, comprised of insurgents and different types of militia groups.

Since its release in 1966, Gillo Pontecorvo's The Battle of Algiers has divided critical opinion. The film which depicts the Algerian struggle for independence against French colonial power, was awarded the Lion d'Or at the 1966 Venice Film Festival. Yet, despite this acclaim, the inherently controversial film was banned in France until 1971 due to its graphic portrayal of torture and repression during the Algerian war. The politically engaged director had however sought to make The Battle of Algiers within a 'dictatorship of truth,' neither supporting the Algerians nor reducing his film to propaganda. Influenced by the distinctive film style Neorealism, Pontecorvo rendered such an extraordinarily accurate reflection of social reality that

Terrien states that “if an order is morally unacceptable, then you should refuse it sir.” The captain counters that the FLN uses vile methods too, similar to how people were treated in Vietnam. He contends that the warfare in Vietnam and Algeria was less military but more psychological. Interestingly, Terrien responds by questioning the nature of Algeria with regards to France. If Algeria is France, then why are Algerians not treated equally as French citizens? The captain replies, “You’ll come around, just like we all did.” The nature and system of the conflict was the issue, not the actual atrocities committed by both sides. Those wrongful attacks or methods were results of the main political differences of the French and Algerians. For me, I wonder if France truly tried to assimilate Algeria and give Algerians the same citizenship and rights as Frenchmen, would the FLN be this violent and adamant about independence? It was clear in this movie (and in Battle of Algiers) that the FLN initially was a minority in Algeria but due to French counterinsurgency, the majority decided to pick the lesser of two

Irregular warfare has become the centre of much military and academic study in recent years, due mostly to the ongoing NATO operations in Afghanistan. However irregular warfare is by no means a recent revelation in the evolution of warfare and strategy, numerous examples exist throughout history in which irregular warfare tactics and strategy have been adopted and later analysed by academics and military professionals. This author will focus on the key issues that governments face in creating effective strategies for irregular warfare with a particular emphasis on counter-insurgency (COIN) and terrorism. Resources such as time, space, legitimacy and support present themselves as key issues in dealing with insurgency and terrorism and are

Second largest country in Africa, tenth largest country in the world, diverse culture extending from the Mediterranean coast to the dunes of the Sahara Desert...Algeria. Even with its massive size the current status of Algeria’s economy is quivering in the lofty winds of the Tell Atlas Mountains. The economy tends to remain dominated by the state, which is accordingly a legacy of the country’s socialist post-independence development model. Hydrocarbons are the backbone for Algeria, accounting for 60% of budget revenues, 30% GDP, and 95% of export earnings. Reviewing the last five years we see the government halting privatization of state-owned industries, and increasing the restrictions of imports and foreign involvement. Algeria’s

Algeria was not always been independent and has been a part of several border and authority changes. Since its independency, Algeria has struggled to define its cultural identity. Several strategies have been employed to gain ground on its identity, such as promoting a policy of Arabization, loosening up the economy, and opening their political sphere. “Today the Algerian government seeks not only to sustain the recent ebb in violence and insecurity but also to promote greater unity within the country” (Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center, 2011).

The greater Horn of Africa (HoA) is the sub region of the Eastern part of Africa that composed of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, and Uganda. Threats to peace and security are interconnected and comprised various human insecurities that emanate from both intrastate and interstate conflict, and transnational security threats such as terrorism. This is because political, social, and security problems in the region further threaten development efforts and complicate interventions to alleviate, the various related challenges of the region. Mainly, Terrorism has been a source of serious security challenge to the Horn of Africa peace and development process. As terrorism is the main security challenge of the Horn of Africa region, Sun Tzu’s theory is relevant in the war with terrorist organizations operated in the greater Horn of Africa. For these countries’ could helpful in curbing the terrorist threat, if they examine Sun Tzu’s theory offensive strategy according to the existing context of the terrorist threat. The offensive strategy first should focus on attacking the terrorist’s strategy, and then their allies because the main strength of the terrorist is the strategy they follow. Giving priority on attacking the terrorist’s strategy would eliminate fertile ground for terrorist organizations motive. Therefore, this paper will evaluate, and analyze Sun Tzu’s theory such