The Beck Depression Inventory

‘When We Fight We Win’ challenges the notion of “reform” when it comes to education in Chicago and around the globe. Charter schools privatize education allowing what is supposed to be a public service focussed on meeting the needs of students to meeting the needs of private investors. Billionaires like Bill Gates have pushed charter schools as a solution to our failing educational system but in reality many charter schools don’t do better on average. Chicago’s mayor Rahm Emanuel closed 50 public schools primarily in low-income african american and latino neighborhoods which then later got replaced by charter schools. This is what the book refers to as the neoliberal model of education that has served as a blueprint in changing

The BDI-II is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring the severity of depression (e.g. looking at symptoms of depression) in adults and adolescents (Beck, et al., 1996).

Eric Beck was a 32-year-old single Caucasian man when he arrived at the psychiatric hospital. At the time, Eric was living with his parents and working part-time as a night watchman for a large professional building in the city. Although he had worked as a stockbroker and trained as a paralegal, Eric had been underemployed for several years.

Beck (1967) provides a psychological explanation of MD from a cognitive perspective. He proposes a cognitive theory of depression that includes the primary negative triad in depression, which reflects “three major cognitive patterns” that depicts how depressed individuals view themselves, the world and the future “in an idiosyncratic way”. This theory focuses on negative schema and dysfunctional attitudes contributing to MD, which can be clarified as inflexible cognitive structures that negatively filter and bias information (Hankin et al., 2009). Support for this theory is demonstrated by Boury et al (2001) in the exploratory study monitoring student’s negative thoughts with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), where it was found that “BDI-II

This instrument was developed by Aaron T. Beck who is a pioneer cognitive therapist. This instrument is commonly called the BDI and was developed in 1961. It was adapted in 1969 and a copyright was obtained in 1979. In developing the instrument Beck used a series of questions which enabled him to adequately measure the strength severity and complexity of depression. There are two versions of BDI, a long version which has 21 questions mostly used to measure specific symptom common with all patient suffering from depression. The shorter version which is composed of seven questions is meant to be used in a primary healthcare setting, with main purpose to evaluate, and monitor changes in of depression.

The Beck Anxiety Inventory is a 21-item scale that measures the severity of self-reported anxiety in adults and adolescents. The inventory was created by Aaron T. Beck and his colleague, Robert A. Steer, at the Center for Cognitive Therapy, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry. The most recent edition was published in 1993 by The Psychological Corporation, Harcourt Brace & Company in San Antonio, TX. The first edition was published in 1988. The 1993 edition recommends different scoring guidelines than previous editions. There is only one form and one manual as part of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). To purchase the BAI in 2010, the manual and 25 scoring sheets

The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is the latest version of one of the most extensively used assessments of depression that utilizes a self-report method to measure depression severity in individuals aged thirteen and older (Beck, Steer & Brown, 1996). The BDI-II proves to be an effective measure of depression as evidenced by its prevalent use in both clinical and counseling settings, as well as its use in studies of psychotherapy and antidepressant treatment (Beck, Steer & Brown, 1996). Even though the BDI-II is meant to be administered individually, the test administration time is only 5 to 10 minutes and Beck, Steer & Brown (1996) remark that the interpretive guidelines presented in the test manual are straightforward,

Max Hamilton created the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and published the original assessment in 1960. The room for improvement of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression was advised, which led to the revision of the assessment in 1994. This assessment is aimed to benefit adults eighteen and older who have been diagnosed with depression. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression is a 21-item questionnaire administered by interview, that requires an estimate of ten minutes (Reynolds & Kobak, 1995)

Through research on depression, Aaron Beck helped developed a form of therapy known as cognitive therapy. Beck also discovered that people’s minds have a tendency to perceive reality in a distorted manner. This distortion of reality ultimately leads to “faulty assumptions” and is known as cognitive distortions.(Corey & Corey, 2014) Listed and described below are a few of Beck’s cognitive distortions.

Depression is a fast growing epidemic in America, claiming the lives of an estimated one in eight people in our country; and several thousand in that number express faith in Jesus Christ (“Depression Statistics”) . But if God loves us, why does he allow us to feel this way? Where do we turn for up-to-date answers about this issue when the Bible was written over 2000 years ago? Believe it or not, the Bible contains some of the most compelling stories of painful and crushing depression, and the plan and purpose God had for those people who felt that way. You won’t find the word “depression” in the Bible, but you will find many biblical characters described as forlorn, downcast, heavy-laden, or brokenhearted. These are characters such as Job,

Depression is a global and serious medical illness that has an adverse effect on the way you feel, the way you think, and the way you act. The disease can lead to a mixture of emotional and physical problems and can also lower someone’s capability to function in a workplace or at home. RC Kessler from Lifetime Prevalence and Age-of-Onset Distributions of DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication stated that, “Depression symptoms may range from mild to severe and may consist of problems with difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making decisions and thoughts of death or suicide.” The National Institute of Mental Health stated that, “Depression affects approximately one in 15 adults (6.7%) in a year. One in six people

The most current version of a standardized psychological test that will be used in my future practice will be the Children’s Depression Inventory 2. The purpose of the test is to identify symptoms of depression in children and adolescents. According to the Multi-Health Systems (MHS) 2004-2014, the standardization sample and age range for the test to be apply is for children ranging from the age of 7 to 17 years old. A study using the test was done to 1,100 children from 26 different states in the U.S. Thus the study was consistent in relations to age and masculinity. With that said, the experiment involved a selection of environmental locations of all four key areas of the U.S. Furthermore, Twenge & Nolen-Hoeksema (2002) the study demonstrated

Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a self-report scale developed by Beck in 1961 to evaluate the depression risk and severity of depressive symptoms (15). It can be used for both psychiatric patients and the general population. BDI includes 21 Likert-type items each scored between 0-3. The range of scores is from 0 to 63. Hisli demonstrated the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the scale (16). In the present study, based on the approach of previous studies using the scale in Turkey (17), the cutoff score for clinical depression was taken as 17.

New mothers who complete a general depression scale, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and have a baseline BDI-II scale of at least 11 within three months of delivery, will be included in this double-blind, placebo-controlled and randomized trial. Written informed consents will obtain from patients before entering into the study. Women will randomly assign, using a computer-generated code, to receive a pill of saffron 30 mg/day (BD) (who do not need pharmacotherapy) or a pill of placebo (BD) ((who do not need pharmacotherapy) or receive a pill of saffron 30 mg/day (BD) in addition to their current treatment regimen or receive a pill of placebo (BD) in addition to their current treatment regimen for 12-weeks. Every three week, participants

Depression is a typical mental issue that presents with discouraged state of mind, loss of intrigue or joy, diminished vitality, sentiments of blame or low self-esteem, bothered rest or hunger, and poor fixation. These issues can get to be distinctly endless or repetitive and prompt to generous debilitation in an individual's capacity to deal with his or her ordinary obligations. Even under the least favourable conditions, wretchedness can prompt to suicide. Very nearly 1 million lives are lost yearly because of suicide, which means 3000 suicide everyday consistently. For each individual who finishes a suicide, at least 20 may endeavour to end his or her life (WHO, 2012)