The Benefits Of Compression Stress

The purpose of this experiment was to be able to test different intensities of warm-up conditions changes in the heart rate, skin temperature, electromyogram (EMG), and the contraction of the bicep brachii. Testing three different intensity conditions to determine which warm-up is more efficient on muscle conditioning. Bicep stretches, cardio, and aerobic stretching were the three different conditions because they focused on different muscles in the body. The warm-up that is able to efficiently deliver more oxygenated blood to the muscle is the most affective. Therefore, the predictions is that aerobic stretching will enhance muscle performance of the bicep brachii. This will happen because aerobic stretching is a high intensity warm-up that increases heart rate and cardiac output.

After proper pre-exercise stretching, the participant was required to jog for eight-minutes, recording data every two-minutes with fifteen-second intervals. Measurements were also collected prior to exercise as well as two-minutes after the exercise was concluded for comparison.

Oxygen debt in the muscles is reached when oxygen levels are much lower than required during strenuous physical activity, causing lactate fermentation to occur in the cells leading to muscle fatigue. The results found in the experiment were the number of squeezes in the first trial for the dominant and non-dominant hands were significantly higher than the remaining ones. The results also showed as the trials continued, the number of muscle contractions decreased steadily which supported the hypothesis. However, there were some increased numbers for the dominant hand from trial 4 to 5 and trial 9 to 10. The non-dominant hand expressed similar unexpected results from trial 6 to 7 and trial 9 and 10. The reasons for these results might be due to the finger muscles being worked at the high intensity for a long period of time causing the muscles to consume higher amounts of oxygen thus producing more ATP production. This would cause the muscles to create more contractions towards the end of the trials. The unexpected results could also be caused by experimental errors such as faulty clothespins. The springs connecting the two ends of the clothespin was tight causing the number of contractions as the trials progressed having a more significant decrease. This is because the amount of energy required to open and close the clothespin would be higher, causing the lactate threshold to occur quicker. Due to this, the number of squeezes would decrease drastically as the trials progressed, in contrast to if the springs were normal. This would change the results by the difference between the trials not being evident therefore, not demonstrating the effects of muscle fatigue. Another factor that altered this experiment was the participant’s condition, Palmar Hyperhidrosis –excessive sweating on the palms – which

Research into the relationship between physiological variables and running performance has been variable. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between 5k running performance and a number of physiological variables in a group of 11 trained club runners (Age 21.451.63yrs, Height 175.092.77cm, Weight 67.865.12kg). The athletes underwent a laboratory treadmill test to determine their maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and running velocities at lactate threshold (v-Tlac) and blood lactate concentration of 4mM (v-OBLA). Running performance was determined by a 5k time-trial on an athletics

Hamstring Strains (HS) are identified by acute pain in the thigh with disruption of the muscle fibres, with 47% of all HS studies stating that the BF muscle is affected (3). This can be explained because the BF muscle tendon and muscle fibres are where the most common distribution of the ground force produced during running (3). Eccentric contraction is explained by a study from Guex (4) stating that between 75-85% of the running cycle the hamstrings are undergoing an active lengthening contraction. Having this amount of eccentric contraction upon the muscles has the potential to cause an overuse injury (4). At 85% of the running cycle, the SM, ST, and BF are stretched by 8.7-12.0% which is beyond their optimum lengths (4).

In this assignment I will be reviewing the different effects of exercise on the body system including the acute and long term using the pre-exercise, exercise and post-exercise physiological data which I collected based on interval and continuous training method. I will also be including the advantages and disadvantages of these, also the participants’ strengths and areas where they can improve on.

(2014). A Consideration of the Paradigm of Exercise Physiology. Research In Sports Medicine, 22(3), 314-322.

Heiderscheit et al (2010) States that hamstring strains in high speed running, generally occur in the late swing phase of the gait cycle, during the second half of the swing, the hamstrings are active, lengthening and absorbing energy from the decelerating limb in preparation for ground reaction, and the bicep femoris is stretched. Furthermore this confirmed by an earlier study, Koulouris and Connell (2003) conclude

This write appreciates facts and data mostly, thus would choose a quantitative method of research. They are concise, the sampling size can be larger and the limitations to human subjectivity usually are less. It is believed that the accuracy of the study is greater and more

"As far as I am aware, the scientific evidence supporting a positive effect of compression garments on recovery is more convincing than on any performance-enhancing effect," she says. "It's possible that this is a placebo effect, though, given that reduced soreness is probably the most consistently reported finding." say ms

"Runners are the 'healthiest sick people in the world'", according to ultrarunner Jeff Robbins. In an email that I received from him he added, “One of the problems with the ultras is that you are always stressing things to the limits. Therefore problems tend to crop up. Half the fun in this sport is learning to deal with adversity no matter how it comes." Injury is a runner's most dreaded and aggravating obstacle. Sometimes no matter how much the mind wills it, the body cannot go on without causing itself permanent damage. Pushing beyond these limitations will eventually cause the body to rebel and self-destruct. There are preventative measures that can be taken to stop these

The purpose of the barefoot running study article is to determine whether runners can achieve the propose of favorable kinematic changes and reduction in loading rate after a progressive training program. The article designed a study that hypothesized that not all individuals would experience a decrease in initial loading rate facilitated by increased ankle plantar flexion after a progressive barefoot running program but would further a relationship that exist between changes in initial loading and sagittal ankle

Muscle strains are overuse injuries that result when the muscle is stretched without being properly warmed up. An injury to the hamstring is usually readily apparent. Mild strains may involve simple, uncomfortable tightening of the muscle. More severe injuries may result in a sharp pain in the back of the thigh, usually in full stride. A rupture or tear may leave you unable to stand or walk, muscles may be tender to the touch and painful to stretch your leg. Within a few days after a tear the area may appear very bruised.

In a prospective randomized controlled trial Askling (2014) compared the effectiveness of lengthening exercises program and conventional exercises program on rehabilitation of acute hamstring injury. Forty-six Swedish sprinters and 10 jumpers with hamstring injuries confirmed by MRI were recruited and assigned unsystematically to lengthening exercises protocol (L-protocol) or conventional exercises protocol (C-protocol). The outcome measurements that used in this study were the number of day to return to sport and the rate of re-injury during 12 months. All participants were evaluated for flexibility and strength, using manual assessment, within two days post injury, and Askling H-test was used at the end of he rehabilitation before allowing athletes to return to sport.

Majority of sports injuries are muscular strains of the lower limb. These injuries make up a third of all sports referrals to sports physicians and their frequency and disabling effect is well documented according to recent literature. The most common muscular strains of the lower limb are hamstring strains which accounts for 12-16% of all injuries in athletes with a re-injury rate of 22-34% in a much recent research. Although systematic epidemiological studies within athletics are scarce, testimonies from coaches and athletes are consentient, pointing to a high frequency of hamstring injuries, especially in sprinting. Throughout the last several decades, several serious attempts have been made to understand the cause of hamstring muscle strain