Obese And Overweight Women Essay

Obesity is defined as a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduce life expectancy and/or increased health problems. “The problem of obesity is increasing in the United States. Understanding the impact of social inequalities on health has become a public health priority in the new millennium. Social, political, and economic factors now are acknowledged to be "fundamental" causes of disease that affect behavior, beliefs, and biology.” (Goodman, 2003)  In the United States today, obesity has become an enormous problem. In the last 3 decades, the number of people overweight has increased dramatically. Obesity has not always been seen as a medical

Obesity has been a growing problem in the U.S. for more than a decade. Various reasons and theories are thrown around as to the cause of this severe problem by psychologists, dietitians, and professors trying to pinpoint a single cause. Due to America’s vast supply of resources, luxurious living standards, and moral of the country, there is no one cause for obesity contrary to advertisements offering a quick-fix drug. America’s obesity problem is rooted much deeper than just cheap fast food and poor choices. Medical conditions, influence of genes, unhealthy lifestyles, and mental illnesses are all contributors towards obesity in any one person. Obesity is a serious problem in America with multiple contributors and one lone solution

Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are a growing problem around the world today. Not only do diseases such as diabetes and heart disease affect individuals and their lifestyles, they also affect the economy, politics, education and the professional work environment. 20-26% of individuals in the United States live with heart disease, and obesity and high blood pressure compose the greatest factors for developing this disease [20]. Studies have shown a direct correlation between the amount of sedentary time and cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk, regardless of baseline measurements [20]. Thus, increase in physical activity will decrease cardiometabolic risk factors [8]. Several studies indicate a positive correlation between physical activity and decreased cardiometabolic risk markers [2,4,11,16]. However, we now know that an individual who is getting the recommended physical activity per day can still have a large amount of sedentary time.

Caba (2016) reported that a sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of heart disease more than smoking and obesity in women over 30. For this reason, minimising sedentary behaviour is an important physical activity aspect that should in the ‘Top 9 Australian Wellness Guidelines for Adults’.

Why do Americans overeat to the point of becoming obese and what are the effects on the body? As the world looks at society today, clearly Americans have an issue with being overweight and becoming obese especially compared with other countries. “Approximately 17% (or 12.5 million) of children and adolescents aged 2—19 years are obese,” and “more than one-third of U.S. adults (35.7%) are obese” (Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, 2013, Data and Statistics).

Accordingly, a recent analysis by Prentice and Jebb (4) has emphasized the contribution of sedentariness to the increased prevalence of overweight in the United Kingdom. Despite these observations, the contribution of exercise to the prevention and treatment of obesity is still perceived as trivial by many health professionals. The perception of many of them was recently well summarized by Garrow (5) who stated that exercise is a remarkably ineffective means of achieving weight loss in obese people, mainly because their exercise tolerance is so low that the level of physical activity that they can sustain makes a negligible contribution to total energy expenditure. When one looks at the currently available literature, it is difficult to disagree with this statement. Indeed, numerous studies have demonstrated that when exercise is used alone to treat obesity, body weight loss is generally small (6). In addition, the further weight loss generated by adding an exercise program to a reduced-calorie diet is also often small if not insignificant (7). Traditionally, the study of the impact of exercise on body weight control has focused on its energy cost and on the hope that the body energy loss will be equivalent to the cumulative energy cost of exercise sessions. In practical terms, this means for instance that if a physical activity program induces an excess of energy expenditure of 2000 kcal/week, a similar energy deficit should be expected in the active obese

Weight management can be assisted through improvement in food and medical stuff, physical activity or behavioral change, with a combination of all three being most effective. Where possible, increased physical activity should be adopted, with 150-300 minutes of moderate activity, or 75-150 minutes of vigorous activity each week, which has been associated with improved health outcomes, irrespective of weight loss. The level of physical activity recommended will be dependent on an individual’s BMI, fitness levels, commodities and age.(Prof.hankey (2006))

With a multitude of environmental factors playing an ever-increasing role in the reasons for obesity, it is hard to focus on one reason as the 'root' cause of obesity. Ever-decreasing levels of physical activity, married with poor dietary habits are two likely causes of the obesity epidemic. Samaras et al. (1999) concluded that physical activity is the strongest environmental influence on total-body fat-mass in healthy middle-aged women. An inverse relationship was clearly apparent between physical activity and total-body and

Obesity, the condition of being severely overweight, is a serious issue in the United States that is gradually beginning to affect more and more citizens. In recent years, the number of Americans suffering from this chronic disease has significantly increased. Researchers have found that nearly one third of the U.S. population is considered overweight and, on average, three hundred thousand individuals die yearly as a result of obesity (Hollands et al. 2). When one participates in little to no physical activity and their diet consists mostly of high fat foods, chances are they will gain weight. If someone becomes obese, they may develop serious health related issues that, in some cases,

Inter-individual variability in the direction and magnitude of weight change in response to supervised exercise-based interventions has been well documented (Table 1). Even in the highly controlled environment of an isolated experimental station over an 84-day period exercise induced weight loss ranged between 3 and 12 kg [48]. More recent studies showed that certain participants even gain weight in response to supervised exercise interventions [42,49]. Accordingly, changes in fat mass and fat free mass have been shown to vary considerably [36,42]. King et al. showed a roughly 50:50 split between so-called “responders” (i.e. participants who achieve expected weight loss) and “non-responders” (i.e. participants who experience a small amount of weight loss or weight gain) [36]. Other studies indicate that a majority of participants displays some form of compensatory adaptation with a ratio of responders to non-responders of 1:2 [46,49]. Even though there is, most likely, considerable inter-individual variability in metabolic adaptations in response to exercise [42,48], success in weight loss interventions has been largely attributed to behavioral compensation such as a decline in non-exercise PA and/or an increase in energy intake [22,36,46]; in addition to an obvious association with adherence to the exercise protocol. In fact, it has been argued that the individual variability in weight loss can be entirely attributed to the variability in non-exercise PA [46,50].

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of continuous moderate intensity exercise training (CMIET) alone V. continuous moderate intensity exercise training combined with a single weekly bought of high intensity interval training (HIIT). The 12 week study focused on 29 total subjects at an average age of 36.9 with a standard deviation of +/- 6.9 years. The subjects were all at moderate risk for cardiovascular disease meaning all participants met at least one or more of the following positive CVD risk factors: dyslipidaemia, hypertension, impaired fasting, blood glucose, and/or obesity. All training was completed using a treadmill and cycle ergometer. The study consisted of three groups. The first group completed 4 weekly sessions

Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing rates in adults and children. An inactive lifestyle plays a major role in obesity. Worldwide there has been a large change towards less physically demanding work, and currently at least 30% of the world's population gets inadequate exercise. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that overweight and obesity may soon replace more traditional public health concerns such as under nutrition and infectious diseases as the most significant cause of poor health. Diet programs may produce weight loss over the short term, but maintaining this weight loss is frequently difficult and often requires making exercise and a lower food energy diet a permanent part of a person's

he number one problem in the United States among men and women is obesity. Because of the advent of new technologies and innovation, people there become lazy not totally because they want to but because of their awareness of ease and comfort that could be provided by certain device, mechanisms, equipments and others.

Dr. Izumi TABATA from the University of Ritsumeikan in Japan created a high-intensity training protocol named after himself. TABATA incorporates a twenty second interval, into a four-minute workout. Each participant performs eight rounds of twenty-second-high-intensity intervals at 170% of their VO2 max with ten seconds of downtime. Despite TABATA’s shorter exercise sessions, research dated back to 1994 proves that TABATA’s results in a greater fat loss, than one who trains for longer durations doing steady-state, continuous, endurance exercises also known as ET. Likewise, research supports that subjects who do TABATA, produce similar or greater changes in fitness than those who do ET. These high-intensity intervals burn calories fast, and

Another study that shows the effects of improved cardiovascular fitness with HIIT, looked at the benefits to individuals with coronary artery disease (Gremeaux et al, 2011). The study showed the effects of different training methods on coronary artery disease patients after an acute coronary syndrome. The study took 27 individuals with coronary artery disease and separated them into three groups of 9; one with moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) at 70% of max HR, one at MICE at maximal 6 minute walk test HR, and one using HIIT. The methods used were comparing VO2 peak, six minute walk test, and 200 meter fast walk test every two weeks for six weeks. Though this was a pilot study with a very small amount of individual; the study did find that peak VO2 improved in all groups and was higher in the HIIT group on average by 2 ml.min kg. This study was very basic and short and future research needs to look at the longer effects of HIIT on individuals with coronary artery disease. HIIT is beneficial to all for cardiovascular purposes, and it also is a significant benefit to muscular strength. (Gremeaux, 2011)