The Benefits Of Human Gut Microbiome

Before, biologists assumed all microbes are bad for the human body (automatically thought of pathogens), caused many diseases and harm our body fundamental systems. In addition, the biologists think that our body is already built which had all the functions required to maintain our health. However, the attitude has changed over the last decade. The biologists characterized the most prevalent species of microbes in the body, and found out that these collective microbes do not threaten us, and they also are important part of human bodies.

There are major effects in the United States and Europe to help identify the role of microbial communities in the human body. The colon requires a balance of microbial agents that assist with various functions of the body. An imbalance can lead to C.diff., irritable bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), neurological disorders, and obesity just to list a few. Many of these problems have grown to an epidemic proportion. Both the United States and Europe have started projects aimed at the microbial communities of the body and their roles in our health.

Unique microbiota could suggest a human’s current health or if there is any forthcoming chronic disease (Ley, 2006). Families with shared healthy microbes may be able to help relatives who suffer from gastrointestinal disease; but the extant to which the microbiome is shared across generations is not readily known and more research is needed. The core trends for current research revolve around control of obesity, treatment of gastrointestinal diseases such as Crohn’s, and hormonal manipulation in cases of depression. It is imperative to learn to eat for optimal health, to evolve along with the commensals (Turner et al., 2013) as human diets influence diversity of microbes present (Ley et al., 2008). This is a relatively new field with exciting prospects of positive outcomes for some of society’s more chronic

We know currently essential information about microbiomes to help us understand the human body a little better. The skin, mouth, esophagus, stomach, colon, gut, and vagina are composed of microbial communities. Collectively, the gut has the most information. Information pertaining to these body parts however, are limited simply because each individual is unique This makes each body just as unique as the person. (The Scientist Staff) It is in still in question whether we are functionally redundant between community members, and what kind of factors are influencing this. (Turnbaugh)

There are trillions of microorganisms living within us, greatly outnumbering our cells and genes. They are found in our skin, hair, membranes, mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tracts. Collectively these microorganisms are called our microbiota. Every individual has a unique microbiota, kind of like a fingerprint, but usually share similar metabolic functions. A vast majority of these are harmless and even beneficial to us, these are referred to as commensals. There are many bacterial commensals, that have co-evolved with us for centuries, making it possible for our bodies to properly function. Commensals benefit us by synthesizing vitamins and minerals, digest foods we alone cannot, regulate immunity, detox the body, protect against infections, and reduce inflammation. While there

The human gut microbiota has become the subject of researches in recent years and our knowledge of the resident species and their potential functional capacity is rapidly growing. Our gut harbors a complex community of over 100 trillion microbial cells. Therefore, our gut microbiota evolves with us and plays a pivotal role in human health and disease. This has clear effects on physiologic, immunologic, and metabolic processes in human health, aberrations in the gut microbiome and intestinal homeostasis have the capacity for multisystem effects. Changes in microbial composition are implicated in the increasing for a broad range of inflammatory diseases, such as allergic disease, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, and associated

These complex communities play an important role in health and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease and obesity. The microbiota living symbiotically with their host are generally non-pathogenic and have evolved with humans in order to combat colonization by harmful bacteria while extracting energy from non-digestible polysaccharides. There are many factors that contribute to the stability of the gut microbiome. Typically, the gut microbiome is established at birth and differs with mode of delivery (vaginally vs. cesarean) [7,9]. Therefore, the manner in which a child is born influences the composition of bacteria. Other factors include host environment, genetics and lifestyle, the latter of which is the focus of this proposal [8,16]. The gut flora are beneficial to humans as they provide essential nutrients while also acting as an adaptive immune system [7, 23]. Research has suggested that antigens released from gut microbiota can be absorbed and infiltrate adipose tissue, thereby worsening chronic inflammation and oxidative stress associated with obesity [23]. Therefore, identifying the specific microbiome of an individual can be diagnostic of metabolic disorders [8] and may contribute to impaired endothelium-mediated

Those confused about what microbiota is, it would help to think of it as a group of bacteria in different parts of your body that aid your body is various functions. It used to be called gut flora but now is simply referred to as gut microbiota.

Enteric infections are often caused by foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli. The impact these pathogens have on the human body can depend on their pathogenicity and possibly even the hosts’ resident intestinal microbiome. The research aim was therefore to evaluate the possible effects the intestinal microbiome could have on susceptibility to and recovery from enteric infections. By evaluating the microbial compositions present in faecal samples of patients with enteric infections and their uninfected family members by DNA sequencing, the authors discovered levels of the microbes Proteobacteria were higher in infected persons while levels of the microbes Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were lower in uninfected persons. Future

The human microbiome consists of the genes within the multitude of microbial cells indigenous to each person. The cells are collectively called the human microbiota, and consist mostly of bacteria in the gut. The colonization of the human microbiome is acquired at infancy and is constantly altered throughout the lifespan of any person based on culture, environment, and most influentially, diet. As the gut (and consequently, the bacteria in the gut/microbiome) plays an important role in digestion and nutrition, it is no surprise that there have been many studies, investigating the diversity of these organisms at different body sites on the same person as well as between individuals. Studies focusing on the effect of diet on the human microbiome

A microbiome is a community of microorganism that exist in a certain environment. Looking at gut microbiomes in particular, it has long been established that gut microbiome varies drastically from individual to individual due to differences in diet, genetic factors and environment. The organisms that exist in a gut microbiome within a certain organism plays many roles, such as aiding with food digestion, gut barrier function and wound recovery. While diet has been believed to play a large factor in internal microbiome composition, we do not have the evidence to support this fully. Thus using non-human model organisms could help address the question at hand by altering diets and looking at subsequent microbiomes. In this case, we used black

However, recent studies are demonstrating that this may not be as accurate as once thought. A human model study, using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, showed that the cecal bacterium greatly differs from bacteria found in the feces (Mareau et al., 2001). Mareau et al. (2001) observed that the cecum has a higher concentration of volatile fatty acids, which lowers the pH, this is due to being exposed to leftover substrates from the small intestine. When the study compared populations of bacteria in the cecum and feces, they observed that facultative anaerobes represented 25% of the cecal microbiome and 1% in the fecal; in addition, anaerobic bacteria were 100 times lower in the cecum than in the feces (Marteau et al., 2001). Fecal bacterial concentrations being higher than cecal could possibly be due to the water absorption in the colon, concentrating the bacteria in the waste. Also seen in humans in 2002, a study, which collected biopsied samples from along the lower gastrointestinal tract, suggested that mucosa-associated bacteria are equally distributed along the colon, but that the colon microbiota is drastically different than fecal microbiota (Zoetendal et al., 2002). A study using sudden-death victims and a culture-dependent approach, noted that gut conditions varied among individuals, suggesting that the colonization of bacteria is more closely

There is an ever-growing awareness of the possible potential for bacterial flora in the gut, also known as microbiota, to influence the gut-brain communication in health and disease.

This mechanism of diversity caused by many flora inside the digestive track of humans are beneficial because it helps with the digestion of a more diverse product. Even if the probiotic does not help with digestion some other