The Beveridge Report

The report lead to the creation of the Welfare State that includes the National Health Services (NHS). The Beveridge report was not fully implemented by the coalition government until after the general election of 1945 that gave victory to the Labour party. The new prime minister, Clement Attlee, announced he would introduce the welfare state outlined in the 1942 Beveridge Report. The report include the establishment of a National Health Service in 1948 with free medical treatment for all. A national system of benefits was also introduced to provide 'social security' so that the population would be protected from the 'cradle to the grave'. The new system was partly built on the national insurance scheme set up by Lloyd George in 1911. People in work still had to make contributions each week, as did employers, but the benefits provided were now much greater (Bbc.co.uk, 2016).

Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher lead the conservative government from 1979-1990 and she made some very radical changes that have stuck.

Italy’s problems started with the fact that it didn’t have one main ruler, but two people and a concept, resulting in a different approach to the unification. Gulseppe Mazzini had a radical program focusing on a centralized democratic republic based on universal suffrage and the will of the people. Vincenzo Gioberti, who was a catholic priest called for a federation of existing states

The National Health Service was founded on the 5th July 1948. Winston Churchill was the prime minister at the time .The government decided to commission a report, addressing the ways in which Britain should be rebuilt after the Second World War had ended. The Beveridge report of 1942 (written by William Beveridge) identified five main points that needed to be addressed. These were Want (addressed poverty) disease (the lack of healthcare) ignorance (no education) squalor (represented the lack of housing) and idleness (unemployment). A Lot of politicians were confident that Winston Churchill would lead the conservatives to success in the general election. However this was not the case, clement Attlee of the labour party introduced all the

In the Article when Albert Jeremiah Beveridge enters the U.S senate in 1899 at 36, Albert Beveridge (1862-1927) the people around America though he’s was the most influential young leaders. The Americans thought Albert was going to be a good advocate of the United State, over the century the America though that would have a great political career. Albert had progressed to the social policies, decade himself enact pure food child labor and tariff reform laws. Albert was a brilliant, Charismatic Political leaders, U.S Senator Albert J. Beveridge and in 1898 as the fervent exponent of America expansion overseas. Albert in 1922 ran for the U.S senate in Indian once again also winning the republican primary but losing to Democrat Samuel in the general

It is important to give a brief explanation as to what is meant by the term Thatcherism in British political discourse. Thatcherism according to Heffernan suggests that there are several contradictory explanations to the meaning of Thatcherism. He contends that Thatcherism could be explained via “a short hand description of what the Thatcher-led Conservative governments did at any one time” or similarly it could be explained as “ a popular political movement, a policy style; a form of leadership; or.an ideological project, a vehicle which advanced a post-social democratic neo-liberal political agenda‘ (Heffernan, 2001). The term Thatcherism is therefore an umbrella term that not only describes the Leader of the ruling

He called it ‘Social Insurance and Allied Services.’ He stated that it would be most beneficial if the government took into consideration the citizens and gave them more protection. In 1948, the Labour Party government created three acts; the National Insurance Act, National Assistance Act, and National Health Service Act, which were all adapted from Sir William Beveridge’s report in 1942. Britain, Canada and the United States changed the roles of the authority in their country to be more involved and developed programs between the different countries corresponded to programs such as trade, international cooperation, and foreign aid. This became a trend and many other western democracies implemented these programs to their countries; they called them ‘social safety net programs’ and included programs such as employment insurance, assistance for people who are elderly, child care, and universal health care. Britain and Canadian governments developed and expanded the programs and built on legislation and initiatives that were put into place before World War II. The post World War II economic policies were a shift left. Sir William Beveridge declared in his speech that he wanted the government to advance itself and become more involved in the citizens lives and

You could infer that there was a high amount of people wanting the Beveridge Report to happen.

The Second World War had left a considerable impact, in its wake - homelessness, disease and casualties. Directly, it had led to the establishment of an Emergency Medical Service. Its task was to oversee the treatment of civilian bombing casualties. At this point, existing authorities such as local councils, ran the hospitals. This was within a regional framework, with each role being decided on by the Ministry of Health. The war however did not create new welfare services, but it did ‘create the political will to change the basis on which these services were offered’ (Webster, 2001) Comprehensive proposals were further pushed forward by the publication of the Beveridge Report in 1942 on Social Insurance and Allied Services. It identified the main issues that were faced by British society and endorsed the idea of a comprehensive health service. Two years later, the White Paper, ‘A National Health Service’ (February 1944) was published. The paper summarised the overall

William Beveridge was born 5th March 1879 in India and trained as a lawyer. In 1941, the government authorised a report that Britain should be repaired after world War Two. Beveridge was to take charge of this report. Beveridge produced this report in 1942 and advised the Government should find ways to overcome the deprived and poor the five Giant Evil’s (Appendix 4)

These issues were further aggravated during the process of industrialization. The unification wars left the government buried in massive debts and immediately after unification, the liberal government embarked on economic reforms in an attempt to industrialize Italy so that it could keep up with the other European powers. It imposed high taxes that were met with bitter resistance from the working class and the poor, who made up the majority. There was a significant difference in lifestyles between the improvised workers and wealthy elites, so the population remained severely divided. Italy was a traditional agrarian society, and immediately after unification, the government embarked on industrialization. However, it did not take into consideration

Italy, positioned in southeastern Europe, is a beautiful country that is faced with high unemployment, corruption and massive debt. Although it appears to be one of the most developed countries in Europe, Italy is somewhat of a laggard in globalization. Ranking twenty-third in world population, Italy stands at 56,126,212 people as of July 2009. The north and south seem to be split in economic terms with the north being well developed industrially and the south facing high unemployment and poverty. Italy is a democratic republic that replaced a monarchy back in 1946. Although it ranks seventh in world GDP and public debt and attracts millions of tourists every year, its current debt to GDP ratio continues to skyrocket. World economists

The Importance of the Economic Factors in the Rise to Power of the Fascist Party in Italy

As a result of how Italy was created but not fully unified, the new Italian state suffered from a variety of weaknesses which the new liberal state was unable to tackle these. This made Italy susceptible to the appeal of fascism, and therefore aided Mussolini’s rise to power.

In response to the Beveridge report, Keynesian economics were adapted by the Labour Government to use taxation to fund a welfare state. The key objective being to control inequality and oppression of poverty, through widely available services such as healthcare, education, workers’ rights and welfare support. The Attlee Government (1945 – 1951) nationalised major industries of coal steel and electricity, hoping to regulate the economy (Heywood 2012:109), providing basics services without exploitation through commodification, as a means of ensuring provision of fundamental needs to all of