After Reformation period, the allegorical biblical interpretation was criticized and rejected by contemporary biblical interpretation theory, and a lot of Christian evangelical churches. However, as a long tradition stems from the early church, allegorical interpretation has never been disappeared; on the contrary, it was one the most important exegesis tradition in the history of Chinese Protestant Church. Many fundamentalist theologians and church leaders were influenced by it, while Jia Yuming is one of the representative figures. This paper attempts to explain the characteristic of Jia Yuming` s allegorical biblical interpretation, and to explore the contribution of his exegesis in Chinese Christian theology. Jia Yuming`s allegorical interpretation was influenced by several theological schools. He graduated from Presbyterian seminary, and had reformed theology background, then he influenced by pietistic theology and Charismatic movement, and then turned to allegorical exegesis. In this paper, we will use Jia Yuming` s interpretation of "Exodus" and "Song of Solomon" as an example to analyze its characteristics. "Exodus" had a lot of narrative and laws, and was allegorical explained by Jia Yuming. "Song of Solomon" is the most difficult book to interpret and often be interpreted as an allegory.
1. Spirit, soul, body trichotomy allegorical interpretation
Spirit, soul, and body trichotomy had a great impact on the Chinese Christian theology. Human nature was composed
The bible teaches us many things about God. From Genesis and Exodus we can learnwhat the Judeo-Christian view of God was. Genesis shows us that God made the sun, the moon,the earth and every living thing. During the days of creation God made all things good. On theseventh day of creation God rested and declared all he made to be very good (Genesis 1:31). God created human beings in his own image. We as humans can be certain of our owndignity and self worth because we have been created in the image of God. The book of Genesisshows us that people disobey God by choosing to do wrong. Even great bible heros failed Godand disobeyed him. The bible teaches us that God is forgiving. God has many attributes. God makes no mistakes and this is wisdom. God is infinite, heknows
According to the books of Exodus and Deuteronomy, the Hebrews were promised that as long as they followed the Ten Commandments that God had given to them through Moses, they would be blessed with prosperity and good fortune. However, if the Hebrews failed to follow God’s instructions, they would be cursed with a plethora of disaster and disease.
I have read various books on Theological Hermeneutics, and one, whose title has slipped my mind, had once suggested the Hermeneutics isn’t only about picking up the Bible, analyzing it, and putting it back down, but also making an application through it. So, in this paper I have followed such a suggestion. First I will mention the background of the book being hermeneutically analyzed. This answers many of the questions needed to contextualize the book into its original socio-cultural setting for better understanding. Secondly, I will do an exegesis, or commentary, on the verses of the book to explain the interpretation that I had gotten out of it. This is done in
Another reason for the rejection of Christianity by the Chinese was what the Chinese saw as subversive activity. The Chinese saw Christianity as forced changed to their lifestyle. Chinese men would take on a concubine. This individual was not treated as you would think a sex slave would be treated. They actually became an accepted member of the family. And Mungello suggested that it may have been more of a mean to reproduction than sexual gratification. Chinese
To truly comprehend a biblical passage, it is important to have knowledge of the ‘hermeneutics which enables an understanding of the locus of meaning and the principles of bible interpretation’ . The audience needs to have a clear interpretation of the biblical passage which includes ‘content and unity of the whole of Scripture if the meaning of the sacred texts is to be correctly worked out’ , this supports the argument that all worlds of the text are equally important. ‘Biblical passages are often taken out of context and interpreted to support a particular viewpoint of justify a particular action’ . It is imperative to note that ‘in order to discover the sacred authors' intention, the reader must take into account the conditions of their
In today’s world it is difficult to read any piece of literature that has not been at least minorly impacted by a piece of literature that has come before it. In fact, many stories published today incorporate elements of past works or reference them directly in a literary device known as allusion. One of the most commonly alluded to literary works is the Christian Bible, one of the oldest books to be published in the common era. Because the Bible is often alluded to in other literary works, it has been analyzed by countless scholars in many different ways. The most important way, that is, the way in which Norman W. Jones analyzes the Bible is in a literary manner. Because of this, this review will focus on Jones’s literary connections and the
The word of God or human word? Given that the ancient canonization of the sacred Scriptures was compiled by human beings (editors) and of course, not without human elements and limitations, would that imply then, that one needs scientific, literary and critical methods to determine what these ancient authors meant when they expressed for example, that the word of God came to them? In this context, this study will explore the literary/narrative/rhetorical meanings of the expression ‘the word of God came to me as narrated in some prophetic books. First, the principle tenet of this study will focus on the connotation of the phrase ‘the word of God’, secondly it will reference how some prophets such as: Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Amos received these words and its concepts and implications for them. Thirdly, in this search for the meaning how could these sacred words be incorporated into our thinking and our everyday experiences. Finally, this study will buttress that critical biblical analysis will not only enhance our knowledge of the sacred Scriptures but that biblical scholarship is indispensable for a faith seeking understanding, in other words, it can be understood better with the tool of human reason to explain our faith.
Many scholars today think that Protestantism and Chinese go well together. In a way both of these cultures intertwine nicely. Protestant Christianity in China now has some distinctly Chinese elements within it. The Bible is a great example of this. In the Gospel of John the first verse talks about the word of God. The Chinese translation for word is “Dao”, Dao being the same Dao of Daosim. This word is distinctly Chinese. Chinese Society and Christian Society are also similar. Confucianism also plays a large role in Chinese Protestantism. Confucianism was a school of thought in ancient China. It helped people live their lives in China by instructing individuals on what to do. In Chinese Protestantism, the Chinese like to use the Bible as a means to differentiate right from wrong. Instead of putting their emphasis on believing that Jesus Christ died for their sins and rose from the dead they focus mainly on his teachings. All religions in China have been more a way to live life rather than solely dedicating everything to a higher being. Hymns in China are very specific as well. In the past China just translated English songs into Chinese. Today however many Chinese are writing their own hymns. Some of these hymns are becoming very popular and are sung throughout China. Lu Xiaomin is a particular woman that is writing Chinese Hymns today. This native to Taiwan is using the Chinese pentatonic scale to write her songs. This along with the distinct Chinese
There were at least 3 views of how the Old Testament was composed which include the critical view, the compositional view, and the common view. Each view was somewhat similar and different in the aspects that gave it it's own characteristics. The main point of this discussion is to focus on the similarities and differences of each view which are but not limited to how the bible was created, the process, and design.
Literally, an allegory is “a form of speech other than that normally heard in the marketplace” (Gilman). It is a commonly used literary device, consisting of symbols that represent other ideas, people, or even events. The use of allegory has been dated to the times of the Bible, used to indirectly express deeper understanding of God’s truth through these stories. For example, the concept of water has significant implications in both The Old and New Testaments. As a symbol of life and purification, it is introduced to us early in Genesis at creation, as well as at The Flood and the splitting of the Red Sea. We can understand that water, in The Old Testament, is a mystically powerful element which, being connected with God in some way, can cleanse sins, regenerate the human body and race, as well as destroy. In The New Testament, water takes on a whole new meaning. As a story of redemption, the event of crossing the Red Sea foreshadows a far bigger story of redemption to be orchestrated by Jesus and his Disciples in The New Testament.
The allegorical interpretation explores the spiritual sense of the book of “Songs of Songs” which describe God’s love and wisdom between God and Israel, or between Christ and the church, or between Jesus Christ and the soul. The book of “Song of Songs” also recognizes the union between man and woman. Therefore, Song of Songs is an illustration of relationship, celebration of love, and wisdom in the sight of God. However, believers of the past and the present have had many struggles with the Song of Song. Sexuality was often considered a theme not appropriate for Holy Scripture. In the Jewish as well as in the Christian tradition, allegorical approaches have therefore been developed. In those approaches, the male, for example, stands in a figurative sense God or Jesus Christ, whereas the female lover stands for the people of Israel or the Christian Church. Today’s society has lost sight of the divine creation of God. Society has lost sight of God’s intention for man and woman relationship. Allegorical interpretation conveys God’s expression in Song of Song with words that describes charm and beauty as one of God’s choicest gifts. God’s love in Song is spoken through the voice of a woman, suggesting that love and wisdom draws men powerfully with the subtlety mystery of a woman’s
Exodus, meaning “departure,” is the second book of the Old Testament and Pentateuch. The book is made up of multiple, intertwined accounts and lists of regulations, recording the events of Israel’s deliverance from slavery in Egypt. The chapters cover the most significant events; for example: the introduction of Moses as leader; the differing signs from God; the Passover; the Covenant; and the formation of religious worship. Exodus portrays the moral, social and religious life of the Israelite’s, and establishes the main component of law in the Pentateuch.
Allegories were describing mostly the Golden Age. During the Golden Age, Kings or leaders were greatly appreciated much more and treated like Gods. The allegories were written with that mindset in mind. Today, religious leader such as the Pope take advantage of these messages. Commoners would fall into this mindset aswell because they would believe in a better life for themselves. It allowed them to believe that their own God was good, such as Maheo who said, “What good is Power...if it is not used to make a world and people live in it?” ” (Marriott, Rachlin 11). This demonstrated a kind God during a great time. These kind of allegories allowed people to really believe them more and benefit from
Teiser, Stephen F. "The Spirits of Chinese Religion." Http://afe.easia.columbia.edu. Ed. Donald S. Lopez. 1996 Princeton University Press.
Jia` s allegorical biblical interpretation was influenced by several theological thoughts. Graduated from Presbyterian seminary, he accepted reformed theology, and then he was influenced by pietistic theology and Charismatic movement, turned to allegorical exegesis. In this paper, I will take Jia` s interpretation of "Exodus" and "Song of Solomon" as examples to analyze its characteristics. The book of Exodus consists of two genres, narratives and laws, which were interpreted by Jia` s allegorical method. The "Song of Songs" is considered to be the most obscure book to interpret in the Bible, and is often interpreted as an allegory.