The Biography Of Grace Abbott

The life of Anna Julia Cooper (1858-1964) affords rich opportunities for studying the developments in African-American and Ameri can life during the century following emancipation. Like W.E.B. DuBois, Cooper's life is framed by especially momentous years in U.S. history: the final years of slavery and the climactic years of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960's. Cooper's eclect ic and influential career mirrored the times. Although her life was privileged in relation to those of the majority of

Child labour is a very real problem in the world today, and although it is declining, progress is happening at a slow and unequal pace. Child labour by the International Labour Organization is defined as “work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development (Diallo, Etienne, & Mehran, 2013, p. 2).” In the most extreme forms of child labour it could account for child enslavement, separation from their families, exposure to serious hazards and illnesses and being left to fend for themselves on the streets (Dinopoulos & Zhao, 2007). In order for certain types of work to be included as “child labour” depends on the child’s age, the type of work,

“The International Labor Organization estimates that at least 250 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 are working, mostly in the developing world.” Many Americans view child labor as wrong or dangerous, but they do not realize how essential child labor can be in developing countries. In the article “Regulated Child Labor Is Necessary in Developing Countries,” by John Tierney, a current author for the New York Times, focuses on child labor and why it is essential in some developing countries. Tierney creates a sympathetic tone for the readers to try and understand the struggles regarding child labor in developing countries.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton, born in Johnstown, New York in 1815 and died October 26, 1902 had lived a life full of adventure. She had grown up in a wealthy family in a large house with many servants. Stanton was eight out of eleven children, but five of her siblings had died at a very young age. As a child, Elizabeth’s life was always full of adventure. However, she did not have much of a social life, Elizabeth’s best friend was her cousin who had been seven years older than her who had also been an abolitionist that wanted to end slavery. Ever since Elizabeth had been a young girl, women were considered an inferior order of beings, and she had known all about it. That had never stopped her from doing what she is known best for.

Grace grew up in an era when women were fighting for their own rights through the women’s suffrage movement. Grace had already realized she wanted to do more than teach on the prairies of the Midwest. She would be exposed to even more injustices when she chose to leave the prairies of Nebraska and travel to Chicago with her sister Edith. In 1908 Grace moved in to Jane Adam’s Hull House which served as a settlement house for the poor, furthermore, Hull house was a place where dedicated and active women worked toward social reform, including the areas of the early feminist movement. This is when Grace began becoming interested in Social Work, which would eventually become her life’s work. Grace spent much of her life in the poorest and depressed area of Chicago’s urban city. Grace was faced with many challenges through her life which included trying to change society’s perception of child labor, maternity law, immigrants’ protection, state’s responsibilities to their people, and expanding women’s role in our government. By the time Grace would finish her challenging work she was held in high esteem. Franklin Delano Roosevelt recounted her career as

Elizabeth Hamilton is a shining example of how a woman can shape the world around her. She is admirable for her intelligence, generosity, and devotion. Eliza helped draft letters that shaped the very core of our nation, changed the lives of the people around her, and stood up for her husband in the face of humiliation and adversity. Although Eliza's legacy may always be overshadowed by that of her husband, she will always be remembered as an incredible and respected

Anna Howard Shaw was a revolutionary figure for women in history. She lived a life that for a woman, was almost impossible to live at the time, including having a great education. She wanted to let women know that they have a voice in the world, and that they could accomplish great things. Her main career was being a physician, and was one of the first female Methodist ministers in the United States of America. She fought for women’s rights, including women’s suffrage, and to be sure that women would be respected in America, and around the world. Her heart and dedication did pay off.

Grace Abbott was born on November 17, 1878. Grace grew up in Grand Island, Nebraska. She had a sister named Edith. They seemed to have inherited their mother's kindness, generosity, and interest in making the world a better place. Her mother’s name was Lizzie. Lizzie was a Quaker. Lizzie was involved with both Abolitionist and suffragist movements. Grace Abbott’s father, was Named Othman. Othman was a Civil War Veteran. Othman was a lawyer and a politician. He was elected to be the first lieutenant governor of Nebraska in 1876. Grace Abbott move to Chicago, Illinois, to keep learning.As she was in Chicago she lived with her sister Edith. After living with Edith she moved into Hull house a settlement created by James Addams and Ellen Gates

“Child labor keeps children out of school and is thus a major barrier to development. (1)”

By the early 1900s people started to call child labor, “child slavery”. They want this slavery to end. They argue for kids to have the opportunity to be educated and have a better future. Their hours putting effort on this demand give results when they established in 1912 Children’s Bureau. (Documentation of Child Labor,

Currently there are 168 million child laborers in the world. More than half of them, 85 million, employed at hazardous jobs, according to the International Labour Organization. In the article “In Praise of Cheap Labor Bad jobs at bad wages are better than no jobs at all”, Paul Krugman Professor of economics at MIT, explains that child labor cannot just be wiped away like so many other distasteful practices. That it takes a perfect storm of economic success and low child labor numbers for a full transition to labor laws that ban it. Employers will agree to follow the law; similar to what happened in the U.S. in the 1930’s when Congress passed the Fair Labor Standards Act. This Act established standards for the basic minimum wage and overtime pay. It restricts the hours that children under age 16 can work and forbids the employment of children under age 18 in certain jobs deemed too dangerous. Krugman believes that many developing countries are not at a point where they can support a full ban on child labor. He gives the example of countries like “Indonesia [who are,] still so poor that progress is measured in terms of how much the average person gets to eat” (Krugman 4). Professor of economics at Yale university, Christopher Udry, in his article “Child Labor” provides a definition of child labor as “ the sacrifice of the future welfare of the child in exchange for additional income” (243). The causes of Child labor are not as simple as cultural or economic reasons, and a

Negative effects of child labor can be solved through provided and accessible education to continue a child’s growth

The effective abolition of child labour is one of the most urgent challenges of our time. Today, we have a better grasp of the size and the shape of the problem. More than 200 million child labourers worldwide, some 180 million are now suspected to be toiling in the “worst forms” of child labour – those activities that the global community has unanimously agreed are inexcusable under any circumstances and must be eliminated without de- lay. The persistence on such a scale of this violation of children’s basic human rights casts a shadow over us all.

Various economic principles and perspectives have been employed to shed light on the issue of child labor. From a demographic viewpoint, children form an integral proportion of the global population. Child labor impacts both psychological and physical health of young people in society (Adeoye et al., 2017). In this respect, it is one of the most significant factors the influence death rate, population growth rate, and life dependency in many countries. It is true to project that the number of productive adults is likely to decline if the future generations are continuously subjected to forced labor and psychological trauma in their childhood.

Child labour, in the Western tradition, evokes a negative connotations of dangerous work being committed by children, and while child labour that causes physiological or psychological damage to children, or inhibits their ability to gain an education is reprehensible, not all child labour is detrimental. However, child work, which is difficult to differentiate from child labour, is an acceptable even beneficial to the child and their family. This is especially true in agriculture. However, certain industries should prohibit all children from working such as working domestically outside of the child’s home or within mining. While children are working in all these industries it become a question of why. There are several reasons including: poverty, which is associated with an inability to receive an education, the cultural context of a society, family breakdown, and a lack of government enforcement and resources. In order to address the underlying causes of child labour it is imperative that implement policies that reduce and eliminate child labour, additionally there must be cultural enjoyment to better educate the populace on what the obligations the state has signed on too, also education needs to be free in its entirety to ensure everyone has equal opportunity for advancement, finally there needs to be greater government resources invested in reducing the sources of poverty.