The Biological And Psychological Processes

The human brain is capable of perceiving and interpreting information or stimuli received through the sense organs (i.e., eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and skin) (Weiten, 1998). This ability to perceive and interpret stimulus allows the human being to make meaningful sense of the world and environment around them. However, even as the human being is able to perceive and interpret stimuli information through all sense organs, stimuli is most often or primarily interpreted using the visual (eyes) and auditory (ears) sense organs (Anderson, 2009). However, for the purpose of this paper, the visual information process will be examined.

Professor Fisher, in 2004, said that color affects human beings in many ways, on both the conscious and subconscious levels, every day of our lives. As Professor Fisher stated, color affects us so many times a day, that often times we don’t even realized it’s happening. Think about all the things you have done today, that in someway involved color. For example, think of a stoplight and what each color on it means; without those colors we would not have the technology of a stoplight and therefore our everyday driving wouldn’t be quite as easy.

Food requirement variations lead to color vision being an exponentially valuable trait in the evolutionary success of the primates based on its influences in foraging behavior. If an animal is unable to discriminate a piece of fruit from being ripe or unsafe to eat, they could potentially become sick, thus negatively impacting their chances of reproduction and survival (Regan et al., 2005).

One of the prevailing theories about why primates have such good color vision is that it allowed them to pick out fruits against the green backgrounds of forests and jungles (Osorio et al., 2004). New World monkey color vision is an evolutionary puzzle because the same evolutionary pressures for finding food should act similarly on both sexes.

put your opinion in e.g. I believe this perspective can help an individual who has a fear or phobia by seeing why the individual is so scared. I also think that the behaviourist perspective can help measure changes of a behaviour. On the other hand I feel that the behaviourist perspective doesn’t take in the biological perspective.

I chose to write my research paper over Schizophrenia. It is a psychological disorder that I have always found fascinating. Approximately 20% of North Americans will be affected by a mental illness during the course of their lifetime. (MHA, ‘What You Should Know About Mental Illnesses) More specifically, 1 in 100 Americans will suffer from schizophrenia. That means that 300,000 people in America will, at some point in their life, be affected by a very serious and highly misunderstood mental disorder. (Schizophrenia Society of America) It is a serious disorder that consumes a person 's life and is nearly impossible to control. In this paper, I will talk about the definition of Schizophrenia, the symptoms of Schizophrenia,

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2) Isolation/causation. Isolation is if only thing changing is that which is being manipulated whether up or down, then the change in effect is caused by the change in IV (the thing manipulated). It is harder to get isolation from psychology, than that from physical experiments. In experiments, even in a double blind study, the IV and subjects are changing. This can prove to make things even more difficult when the DV is based on the subject, the change on the DV may be due to difference in samples and not on changes due to the IV. Where a confounding variable is the environment or situation, the difference in subjects such as age or gender is a subject variable. This is important to note the differences as subject difference Subject variables

Principles of visual perception o Trichromatic theory There are 3 cones: 1. S cones – sensitive to blue 2. M cones – sensitive to green 3. L cones – sensitive to red o Opponent process theory There are 3 mechanisms that respond to a pair of opposites: Blue-yellow Green-red Black-white o Gestalt •

It is a wonderful thing to witness a sunset and see all the various colors that occur in our world. What would it be like if we didn’t view the sunset with all the beautiful colors that are perceived in it? According to Brown, Lindsey, Mcsweeney, and Walters, (1994) without factoring in brightness, newborn infants cannot differentiate between colors. This was found by testing infants in forced-choice preferential looking experiments or FPL experiments (Brown et al., 1994). It is astonishing to think that we haven’t always viewed the world in various vibrant colors. So at what point do we as individuals develop full color

Organisms possess several types of color vision depending on what wavelengths they are sensitive to. Humans are trichromatic, because their vision is formed by long, middle and short wavelength sensitive cones (Carroll, et.al, 2009). Depending on the environment, primates will have different variations of color vision. (Melin, et.al, 2017). Routine trichromacy and polymorphic trichromacy both track different food sources. Routine trichromacy is helpful for tracking down reddish-yellow fruit and seasonal leaves while polymorphic trichromacy is helpful for tracking down ripe fruits and insects (Melin, et.al, 2017).

The most effected part of the eye is the optic nerve. The optic nerve's main purpose is to connect the retina and the brain, as to send what the human is seeing to the brain to process the visual information. The optic nerve contains more than one billion nerve fibers which each give off their own electrical impulses to send the visual information to the occipital lobes in the brain. The occipital lobe then processes the information which it receives.

She will be able to visualize due to primary visual cortex and surrounding areas. V1 & V2 being responsible for orientation, spatial frequency, and color
V3 for integration of information, V4 for object recognition, color perception
V5/MT for motion perception. Cranial nerve II, the optic nerve, is a sensory nerve delivers images of sight to the brain and runs to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe .This nerve is activated when Laila sees her friends around a margarita pizza. The visual information is initially processed from her eyes. Her pupils absorbed light, which enters the eye and then travels to the lens. The lens refracts the light and focuses the light into the retina. The optic nerve (II), is responsible for carrying the visual impulse from the eye to the optic chiasm. This nerve is located in the posterior of the eye. It transfers visual information to the visual centers in the brain. The optic chiasm contains temporal fibers that run

The perception of color is a phenomenon in itself. Interpretations of color shading and saturation depend on how light reflects off of it and how light is absorbed. Color interpretation is subjective to each individual based on the response frequency of neurons in an individual’s eyes. Cones are the specific type of neurons that are responsible for color vision; these neurons are extremely active during high levels of light. The way that color is presented and depicted can have varying effects in how our brains perceive the area it is in.

Trichromatic Theory is the theory that the retina contains three different colour receptors, and when they intermingle they can create the perception of any colour, the retina contains cones that are sensitive to three different wavelengths of light blue, green, and red. When all three signals are received the brain perceives white. The Opponent-Process Theory says that colour vision depends on complimentary processes in the brain; black and white, blue and yellow, and red and green. The Trichromatic Theory describes how colour can be perceived by the cells in the eyes, but does not explain how the brain translates these signals. The Opponent-Process Theory process takes place in the brain. The Opponent Process explains afterimage because neurons