The Biological Model And Cognitive Model

After reading Chapter 2 of Ronald J. Comer’s book, Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology, I now understand key principles of 4 models that that contribute to understanding abnormalities. The first model is the biological model, which can be linked to Roman and Greek times as I read in chapter 1. It mainly states that the cause of psychological abnormalities is that of physical illness. In addition, the abnormalities are introduced because of malfunctioning parts in the brain. This includes the possible malfunction of neurons that are found in the cerebrum and the possible malfunction of these neurons and the transmissions between them. Other factors may include genes, evolution and viral infections

The medical model focuses on the molecular structure of drugs and indicators of mental or emotional disorders. However, the medical model is not effective treating mental and emotional disorders. The medical model indicts the notion that abnormal behavior is the product of physical problems and be treated medically. The medical model depends upon independent tests to demonstrate or contradict if a patient is ill. The psychological model uses tests to demonstrate or contradict whether a patient is ill. It is at this point of agreement that the two models separate. A restriction to the psychological model is if a patient that is unconscious, or their communication ability is compromised to the degree that they are

“Abnormality is very difficult to define. It can be hard to decide where normal behaviour ends and abnormal behaviour begins”

The six models of psychological abnormality detailed in this chapter each present a different set of assumptions and explanations for abnormal functioning. These models all interrupt a person’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors and examine them as being caused or initiated by various and ranging factors. Although each model has its strengths, none can claim a full explanation of abnormal functioning and therefore, no one model can be deemed best or more correct than another. The model of psychological abnormality that appeals to me the most is the psychodynamic model, founded by Sigmund Freud at the turn on the twentieth century. Freud and his colleagues developed a revolutionary model for explaining psychological abnormality that would

These models of abnormal psychology are very effective and I think that they all play a way in defining abnormal behavior. The psychodynamic model weaknesses in my opinion would be that therapy alone sometimes isn’t

Historical approach> definition of abnormality may change with time like in many western countries prior of 20th century

There are 5 renowned approaches to abnormal Psychology, each one is unique and have influenced each other in some way. Freud’s approach infuriated psychologists, Watson felt it was not testable, Carl Rogers (Humanism) rejects Watson’s (Behaviour) scientific method.

Compare and contrast the various models of abnormal functioning using evidence from current psychological research.

Every day we go through experiences or situations that give us different meanings to our lives. Going through the same routine in every day when all of a sudden, our normal Tuesday there’s more traffic than expected and now you’re late for work. Now we are nervous, scared, and we created a vision telling us to not come this way on a Tuesday, or you’ll be late again. We go through life making mistakes and learn from them to help us in the future. And it’s important to know what mental models are, why they are helpful, and how we form personal examples of mental models.

Cognition includes a variety of high-level mental processing, such as memory, learning, reasoning and language understanding. Theories construct frameworks to explain the complex mechanism underlying cognitive processing. Nevertheless, in order to have a more thorough understanding of cognition, it is necessary to study its neural basis inside where it locates: the brain. Neuroimaging is now commonly used as a direct measure to investigate the neural basis of cognition by correlating brain structure and activity with cognitive performance. However, neuroimaging does have a number of considerable limitations. In this essay, it would be argued that despite the advantages of neuroimaging over lesion and animal studies, its correlational nature and relatively poor spatial resolution make other research methods in biopsychology remain vital for the study of cognition. Since cognitive process is more correlated to functional rather than structural properties of the brain, functional imaging would be focused in this essay.

Abnormal behavior was once viewed as an embarrassment to society. Those who suffered from a mental illness or displayed abnormal behavior were locked away and never spoken of. Today abnormal behavior is viewed much differently. With the study of psychology and the help of the medical field, abnormal behavior has become better understood. This essay will discuss the major theories for the cause of abnormal behavior, how abnormal behavior is diagnosed and what type of behavioral issues are related to abnormal behavior.

AC 1.1 Since humans are complex beings, with the ability to feel and experience several emotions by going through diverse states of mind at any given time, defining normal and abnormal behavior for instance is and must be relatively subject to cultural norms, personal views, the environment, time/place and all kinds of different circumstances and or situations that might influence any individual’s behavior during his/her lifetime. Therefore, we will look at two generic definitions of normal behavior for the opposite will be abnormal.

Abnormality is difficult to define. Abnormality have many different forms so that, what at first seems quite a reasonable definition, turns out to be complicated.

There are two models that we will analyze in this essay to see which is the most suitable approach to understand consumer behaviour, they are cognitive and behavioural models, there are actually three models lies within initial decisions of consumer behavior, the third one is reinforcement model but in this case we will not analyze it. First of all, the way of starting off the essay is by defining both cognitive and behavioural models found from the journals, followed by comparison between the two models, which are the best to understand consumer behaviour, giving advantages and disadvantages of the two models. The third part is to decide which is the most suitable approach to understand consumer behaviour and give reasons to the answer.

Abnormality may be defined as behavior that causes distress, loss of freedom, physical or emotional pain, and increased risk of death or injury to self or something that causes a disability of some sort. Abnormal behaviour is however difficult to diagnose because it is, to a large extent, based on the symptoms people exhibit. Psychiatrists and psychologists use a standardized system called a diagnostic manual to help them but this system isn’t without faults. Since there is no clear definition of normality or abnormality – and symptoms of the same psychological disorders may vary not only between individuals but also between social and cultural groups, it is clear that a