The Biological Validity Of Information Essay

In June 2006, Gardasil, a Human Papillomavirus vaccine made by Merck & Co., was licensed for use and brought to the market (“HPV Vaccine”). Gardasil, which is given into a series of three injections, targets the main types of HPV. The types targeted are HPV 6, HPV 11, HPV 16 and HPV 18, which cause ninety percent of the genital warts and are the leading causes of cervical cancer (“Cervical Cancer Symptoms, Causes, Treatments”). Brought to the attention by researchers “combined, those strains affect an estimated 3 million women in the U.S” (“HPV Vaccine”). Since HPV is so common in the United States, the makers of Gardasil are trying to get a law approved that will make the shots mandatory. In 2006,

Gardasil has been tested in thousands of women and found to be nearly 100% effective in protecting against diseases caused by the four HPV types. Side effects are very uncommon and the occurrence is about 1%. Not only are HPV vaccinations safe, and effective but in today’s society it seems that they have become necessary. “An estimated 493,000 cervical cancer cases occur each year with 274,000 deaths. More than 80% of cervical cancer deaths worldwide occur in developing countries. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women”. If there is a cure of this kind of epidemic, it is evident that it is necessary.

HPV stands for genital human papillomavirus. It is a sexually transmitted virus and according to the Centers For Disease Control (CDC), “More than half of sexually active men and women (in the United States) are infected with HPV at some time in their lives.” (CDC) The National Cancer Institute says there are more than 200 types of HPVs. (Institute) At least 12 of those HPVs cause certain types of cancer, like vaginal and cervical, and genital warts. If you have an HPV virus it usually goes away on its own, and doesn’t have any symptoms. But if it doesn’t go away experts say it is responsible for many of the 10,000 yearly cases of cervical cancer, causing 4000 deaths each year. (CDC)

Vaccinations are a topic of controversy in our society here in the United States. People have different perceptions and ideas about their personal medical care surrounding the suggestion to get vaccinated. Thousands of people adhere to the suggestions of their medical providers, while others challenge the idea of vaccinations. Individuals might choose to refuse vaccinations due to receiving misinformation, following their religious guidelines and beliefs, as well as or forming their own ethical philosophies. The Gardasil vaccine, a vaccination that protects individuals from four strains of Human Papilloma Virus, is by no means exempt from the debate surrounding vaccinations in general.

Cervical Cancer affects around 34000 women every year around the UK (Bupa UK, 2013). Cervical Cancer is a result of the mutation of the DNA caused by the by the Human papillomavirus (HPV), (NHS, 2013).

Cervical Cancer is the second most common cancer for women yet it is the most common cancer of the reproductive system. According to the CDC in 2010 11,818 women in the United States were diagnosed with cervical cancer and 3,939 women in the United States died from cervical cancer. The most common type is squamous cell carcinoma. Human papilloma virus, otherwise known as HPV, is known to cause cervical abnormalities and has been linked to cervical cancer.

The HPV vaccine has been proven to greatly reduce the chance of contracting HPV-related cervical cancer. There are currently two FDA-approved vaccines released to target the four most common HPV strains. Approximately, 70 percent of cervical cancer and 90 percent of genital warts are associated with these four strains of HPV. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends vaccinating young girls and boys ages 11 and 12 years, before becoming sexually active. Additionally, ACIP recommends vaccination of HPV4 for males between ages 13 and 26 years who have not been previously vaccinated or have not accomplished the three-dose series. Public health concerns have led to enacted legislatures by twenty-five states for HPV vaccination mandates for school enrollment. Other states have introduced legislation to fund or educate the public or school adolescents regarding the HPV vaccine (Hanson,

In US cervical cancer is ranked 13th most common cancer in women and 4th among women between 15 to 44 years.

HPV vaccinations have been an ongoing debate; whether the vaccine is worth being administered to young girls is the fundamental question and if so at what cost. The primary reason I selected this topic is that HPV is a common virus complicated and often misunderstood infection; nearly 80 million people, about one in four are currently infected in the United States.

Human Papillomavirus is a highly contagious sexually transmitted disease that is believed to be the precursor of several cancers, especially cervical cancer. Researchers have developed a couple of vaccines believed to prevent several strains of the virus. Much controversy has surrounded the birth of this vaccine because law makers want to make the vaccine mandatory for school -aged children. The public is outraged and therefore the controversy regarding the use of the vaccine is growing. However, there are many studies showing that the vaccine is safe to use and that it has been effective in lowering the rate of cervical cancer. The goal of this paper is to discuss different viewpoints in regards to the vaccine.

Studies show that the amount of responders was about 100% for both of the vaccines while the magnitude of the responses in CervarixⓇ were usually higher than those in GardasilⓇ. It has been shown in studies protection can last at least 6.4 years for CervarixⓇ and 5 years for GardasilⓇ.5 The purpose of this review is to identify the efficacy and potential risk of HPV vaccines in prevention of Human Papillomavirus 16 and 18 in young girls. We will compare vaccines Gardasil and

There are 200 different strands of the HPV virus. Forty types are spread through sexual contact. The good news is that most people who contract the HPV virus will not have any adverse health effects. However, nearly all cervical cancer cases are linked to the HPV virus. Cervical cancer kills 3,710 women each year. The HPV virus can also cause oral cancer.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted disease and is the second most common cause of cancer among women. HPV is group of viruses that causes warts on mucosal surfaces like the cervix, rectum, anus, penis, vulva, and mouth or throat. This condition is associated with ovarian cancer, anal cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer.

The Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the virus responsible for cervical cancer. It is one the most common viral sexually transmitted infections. A vaccine was approved in 2006 that is effective in preventing the types of HPV responsible for 70% of cervical cancers and 90% of genital warts. Proposals for routine and mandatory HPV vaccination of girls have become sources of controversy for parents of school-aged youth, legislators, members of the medical community, and the public at large (Cooper et al. 2010).

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States (CDC, 2013). People are having unprotected sex and passing these viruses from one parent to another every day and they don 't even know it’s happening. There is a vaccination called Gardasil that can prevent HPV for teenage girl, woman and teenage males now. Gardasil should be mandated for parents for vaccinating their children for these viruses. “For all ages between 9-26 years, this vaccination is the best method to prevent HPV infection and the risk of HPV related diseases” (CDC 2014). Gardasil should be a required immunization for getting into middle school or high school requirements. This vaccine is saving people from different kinds of