The Biopsychosocial Model

The issue at hand has already been identified as wound care teams being a main key in the prevention and the expensive and extensive treatment of pressure ulcers. Since the research at hand is in need of additions, this project hopes to implement new information. We would aim to conduct

This essay, using case study 4, will explore the holistic nursing process, and also the biological, sociological, psychological and ethical issues regarding the prevention of pressure ulcers.

In this paper we will present critical analysis on the different views on nursing the wound dressing focusing primarily on the possible infections ranging from technique to use of silver to the overall impact made by these choices.

The Biopsychosocial model (BPS) was established in the early 1970s as a replacement for the biomedical approach created by George Engel (1977). He had argued against the reductionist biomedical model of disease for not considering the behavioural, psychological and social dimensions in the model (Jull, 2017). Wade and Halligan, (2016) had established that biomedical remains as the dominant healthcare approach. The aim of BPS is to integrate the biological factors with psychological and environmental factors, Engel (1977) suggested that the biopsychosocial model of illness has a significant role in the functioning of humans in terms of disease or illness and can make medicine more scientific and should be adopted into psychiatry research (Adler, 2009). Davies and Roache, (2017) established that the model was exceedingly determined, recommending new details for practices as well as a non-reductive advocate for mental illness.

In order to understand health, different models or frameworks for thinking have been developed which have been useful. The Biomedical model which evolved since the 19th century from Galen’s (Greek physician 200AD) concept of pathogen, focused on removing the disease/disability and not on prevention or general well-being [9]. The Biopsychosocial model however, doesn’t merely focus on the physical state of

The qualitative research article selected for critique is the study by Athlin et al. (2009), with the title of, “Factors of importance to the development of pressure ulcers in the care trajectory: perceptions of hospital and community care nurses”. This study looked at contributing factors promoting the growth or relapse of pressure ulcers, and how the nurses working in hospitals or group care, comprehend them in the care trajectory.

Evidence based practice in wound care is a significant element in healthcare. It is a combination of high quality clinical research and practice knowledge obtained from eariler experiences and studies (Buysse et al, 2012). We health professionals rely on this knowledge to help us make clinical decisions to meet better patient outcomes. Decision-making is an intrinsic and essential skill that all health professional uses in wound management. Health provides need to make numerous, rapid decisions in highly complex environment. For example, what type of wound it is, how to clean and disinfect it and what type of dressing is most suitable for the wound? The purpose of this essay is to critically appraise a qualitative research article titled, “Health professionals’ decision-making in wound management: a grounded theory.” There is a lack of research on this topic; over the last 20 years only three qualitative studies on clinical decision-making in wound care were published (Gillespie et al, 2014). Therefore, this qualitative research article is important to give healthcare professionals a better understanding about the decision-making process behind wound management (LeeI, 2006, pp. 32).

This essay will explore a needs orientated approach to the care that is delivered to a patient and examine the significance of the use of models and frameworks in the nursing process. It is intended to identify a patient with biopsychosocial needs that requires nursing intervention. Their holistic plan of care will then be critiqued in relation to the nursing model and framework utilised by the nursing staff.

I will be writing this essay using a clinical question, which I formulated. My clinical question is based upon “Does the assessment of risk factors prevent the development of pressure ulcers in hospitalised patients.” I will be discussing and analysing my questions and findings from reliable, current, valid and trustworthy sources found within five articles based on the subject of pressure ulcers. All articles are based on quantitative research undertaken. “From the findings of a good, current, reliable, valid or trustworthy research is the basis for maintaining high standards of care and all nurses must use practice based on the most up to date evidence (NMC 2008). It is now an important part of nursing to actively participate in research

This was really an aspiring week to start with for my health psychology course. I have never thought so deeply on what heath meant to me. Maybe just the meaning of staying away from illness? Why did I need to know what health was and why this related to psychology? It was until I tried to understand about the biopsychosocial model, I realized that the meaning of health varied among different individuals as a wide range of aspects regarding to biological, psychological as well as social and cultural aspects might have an impact on the ideas of staying healthy. What influenced me most was the psychological approach in the model where I found that people responded and behaved differently to their health condition was due to the variability of

The biopsychosocial model aims to explain an individual’s health as a culmination of his unique biological factors (comprising of genetics, temperament and biochemicals), psychological factors (such as mood, affect, personality, etc.) and social factors (cultural background, society within which one operates, familial factors, social interactions, etc.). Distorted biological factors such as composition of neurochemicals in the brain or abnormality in any other bio physiological processes can lead to ill health and diseases occurring in the body. Psychological factors such as clinical symptoms, psychopathology or even perpetual distress and negative thinking could lead to release in cortisol in the body. This is also known as the stress hormone

The diagram from the WHO that illustrates ‘when’ to wash one’s hands will remind staff that there are many times to wash one’s hands, including after touching patient’s surroundings, which is frequently omitted for time saving purposes (World Health Organization, 2012). The visual diagrams from the WHO illustrate the hand washing and hand rubbing techniques and will clarify any misconceptions the staff may have about handwashing, as well as the use of hand sanitizers in the patient care area (World Health Organization, 2012). The video from the CDC demonstrating the actual handwashing technique in action will show the staff, in a real setting, how to wash their hands (Centers for Diseasse and Prevention (CDC), 2008). In addition, the wound illustrations identify a normal healthy cross-section of skin with each layer labeled, which will remind the staff that there are many layers of the dermis prior to reaching the bone; furthermore, the actual visualization of skin layers will reiterate the fact that decubitus ulcers have a dramatic affect on the client’s health and well-being. Decubitus ulcers heal very slowly and the prognosis is generally poor (National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, 2014). Moreover, the

A wound by definition is a breakage in the skin, there are varying causes of this however the most common recurring wounds in the elderly population are pressure areas and skin tears (Wild, Rharbania, Kellner, Sobotka & Eberlein, 2010). Due to comorbidities, wound healing is often compromised therefore the healing process can be prolonged which can lead to a chronic wound (Wild et al., 2010). It is therefore vital that proper wound management regimes are implemented to reduce the risk of hospitalization. The current Ministry of Health scheme has put a big emphasis on the primary health care sector in reducing numbers of those hospitalized in order to cut costs (Ministry of Health, 2008). The rest home nurse has the role of overseeing many clients throughout the day. In relation to wound management it is this nurse’s duty to monitor clients wounds in ensuring conditions aren’t worsened to the point of which a district nursing referral is required. The scribes current placement is within the community health sector, the role of the district nurse within the healthcare system is primarily for wound care however this position also encompasses things such as continence, new stoma monitoring and catheter cares. A huge component of the district nurses duty involves health education. The student will use peer reviewed literature to source her

To develop and implement evidence based practice related to management of the skin and wound, and prevention of pressure ulcers

Despite this information, 96.2 % of responders found they did not receive enough teaching on wound care and there were a lot of comments asking for more teaching on evaluation of wounds in the clinic. This result confirms the feeling that was obtained from discussions with fellow residents and staff and strengthened the idea that there is a gap in knowledge as mentioned previously. It also denotes that the need was and is still prevailing.