The Boeing 7E7
WACC Estimation
In order to evaluate the prospective IRRs from the Boeing 7E7, we first try to estimate an appropriate required rate of return for accepting this project. The capital asset pricing model is applied to estimate the cost of equity of the commercial aircraft division:
R_EC= β_EC*(R_M-R_f )+R_f where REC is the cost of equity capital of the commercial aircraft division. βEC is the beta for the commercial division of Boeing. This beta is used instead of the company’s overall beta is because the 7E7 project is a project on the commercial aircraft section. It will help to improve the evaluation process when comparing the WACC with the IRR. Rm is the market rate of return in US and Rf is the risk-free rate.
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In addition, the downturn of business cycle and advance in video-conferencing technologies also affect the company estimation of future demand. It predicts that during the next 20 years, economies will grow annually by 3.2%, and air travel will grow with GDP at an annual rate of 5.1%. According to this long-term market outlook, it suggests that there will certain be a market for 7E7.
Market Share Airbus will launch their new large, long distance plane A380 in 2006. This plane can be a dreadful competitive product to Boeing. If Boeing falls behind regarding innovations, fuel efficiency and other attributes of a long haul airliner, it will soon lose its market share. In order for Boeing to compete in the aviation industry, it is crucial to take on some risk and develop this new 7E7 project. This helps the company to fight against its competitors and recover from the slump in the industry.
Financial Analysis The sensitivity analysis on IRR provided by the case in Exhibit 9 is demonstrated in Table 3 in Appendix. With reference to the calculated WACC, 11.22%, most of the circumstances considered in the sensitivity analysis suggest the acceptance of the 7E7 project. However, if the air travel demand worsened and sold only 1500 in the first 20 years, the project will be abandoned even if there is a 5% premium in price. If the unit volume sold is equal to
As Pleasure Craft Inc. has publicly held debt; we determined the cost of debt to be the yield to maturity on the outstanding debt on the outboard motor project, so using a financial calculator we establish the YTM to be equal to 2.4827%. Because this is a Semi- annual compounding, rd = YTM * 2 = 4.9654%; for the cost of equity (Rf + β (Rm - Rf)): 12.8420%. The WACC is the discount rate of the projects WACC = rd * (1- Td) * D/V + (re * E/ V) = 4.9654% (1- 35%) * 30% + 12.8420% * 70% = 0.0996, so the WACC is determined to be 9.96% for outboard motors project. The NPV of this project is positive and equal to $35,630,973.63, the IRR for the outboard motors has calculated to be 8%. From these calculation we can know the project’s beta is lower than project front- end loader project and the risk is lower also; from the decision rule the NPV > 0 and IRR > R, so we choose the outboard motor project.
This paper consists of several sections. The description of the project outlines the capital asset decision at hand, which in this case is the purchase of a new Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner by American Airlines. The second section of the paper highlights some of the information about the Dreamliner. Statistics about seat configuration are critical to the revenue projects used later in the net present value (NPV) calculation. The third section of the paper covers the lease or buy decision. American has both options and this section covers some of the financial aspects of each that are critical, such as depreciation. The fourth section is an explanation of the weighted-average cost of capital for American Airlines. The fifth section is an outline of the NPV calculation. The final section is the conclusion. The NPV compares directly the incremental cash flows associated with the lease option and those associated with the buy option. The final NPV figures are close to one another, but one option clearly adds more value to the company to the other. The "buy" option is therefore recommended.
To find the cost of equity we used the formula rs = rRF + beta*MRP in which rRF2002 = 5.86% and the Market Risk Premium (MRP) = 5% as calculated by the Southwest Airlines finance department. We then calculated the beta for Southwest Airlines based on a regression analysis of five-year monthly returns on Southwest stock from January 1997 to January 2002, compared with the S&P 500 returns over the same period. This regression analysis indicated that Beta = .2219. Therefore,
In 2000, Airbus Industrie’s Supervisory Board was making the biggest decision in the company history: whether Airbus should commit to develop world’s largest jumbo jet. At that time, there are only two major commercial jets manufactory companies: the younger Airbus and the bigger Boeing. Boeing had been at the forefront of civil aviation for over half century. Airbus was founded in 1970as a consortium and merged into a new company known as European Aeronautic Defense and Space Company. Airbus developed “fly-by-wire” technology and “cross crew qualification” technology to compete with Boeing in large jets (those with 70 or more seats) market. While Airbus was booked more than
The board will also have to consider the decades it may take to recoup the costs of starting this project. Development costs in the airline industry are substantial leading to many years of negative cash flows. The introduction of a new plane is a make-or-break activity for the producers and requires huge financing capabilities. The development costs and per-copy costs were difficult to predict, and Boeing also faced engineering uncertainty with the project. The success of the project depends heavily on Boeing's ability to keep the production costs low and actually deliver a more efficient aircraft than the competition.
In this case Boeing faces a number of challenges in determiningthe viability of bringing forth the 7E7 aircraft series. Aircraft manufacturersbringing forth a new product has to take extra care since a miss in this assessment can place a company in a position to fail the result of huge cash outflows required. Boeing faced stiff competition from French based Airbus and had not brought forth a successful new product in recent years. Since the September 11th attacks travel had taken a drop in general and Boeing was making assumptions regarding future needs and opportunities. This included the willingness of travelers to pay 5% more for efficiency and the increase of hub and spoke travel for airlines requiring flexibility in
The Boeing 737 is the best-selling jet airliner in the history of aviation. The following report will look in depth at the company Boeing itself and its roots, the planning and production of the 737 series of aircraft, the progression of the aircraft and its upgrades, the aviation human factors and airport planning factors considered during production, the next generation upgrades the aircraft has seen, and an overall evaluation of the aircraft systems involved when referring to the Boeing 737 aircraft. The airframe, power plant, hydraulic, pneumatic, anti-icing systems, communications, flight controls, winglets, flight instruments, seating possibilities, specifications, load capacity, efficiency, reliability, range, production and sales, and the future of the 737 will all be discussed and analyzed to show why and how the Boeing 737 became the world’s most popular jet airliner to date.
In 2004, Boeing was one of the United States' largest manufacturers, with nearly 160,000 employees and a net income of$I.87 billion. It was the world's largest acrospace company, and, for decades, had dominated the world's commercial Copyright © 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. Harvard Business School Case 807-011. Professors Lynda M. Applegate and Joseph S. Valacich (Washington State University) and Research Associates Mara E. Vatz and Christoph Schneider prepared this case as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate effective or ineffective management.
Airbus’ competitor Boeing netted 40 new sales of their 747 model, worth $6.5 billion (USD) in 1994.3 This had portrayed Airbus’ inability to compete at this high value end of the market. With the mounting sense of urgency, Airbus need to intensify the design and development of a UHCA to fill the top end of its product line and stop the dominance of Boeing in large aircraft market with 747 for over two decades. Hence, in June 1994, Airbus announced its project goal to build a high-capacity, high-efficiency aircraft with up to 569 seat capacity and a maximum range of 8,520 nautical miles; the project was designated A3XX.4 Many airlines faced a dilemma whether to opt for earlier option of the new Boeing 747X, or the all new A3XX. During a meeting with 13 major airliners in Carcassonne, Airbus had then assured them with a scope to work toward preliminary and final design freezes scheduled on the end of 1997 and
In the 21st century, any company whose ultimate goal is to achieve leadership within its industry, it is necessary that they think beyond their domestic market and consider global markets instead. By doing this, they need to be able to change or implement their strategy in order to stay as competitive as they were before, form alliances and partners along the way and outperform the competition. For Boeing, trying to become the global leader in its industry again meant that they needed to launch an exceptional, better aircraft than their competition, Airbus. They were also relying on foreign partners more than ever before to get every part ready in time for assembly. With the launch of their 25th model named the 787 Dreamliner, scheduled
The company continues to develop its product line and services to meet the ever-changing needs in a fast-paced global environment. Boeing seeks to create new, industry leading jets for its commercial airplane family while designing, building and integrating military platforms and defense systems and positioning state-of-the-art financing and service options for its customers.
Boeing boosts an extensive product and service listing which includes both commercial and military aircraft, satellites, weapons, electronic systems, defense systems, advanced information and communication systems and performance based logistics and training. Boeing is able to continue to be a leader within their industry as they work to persistently develop their product lines and offer more services to meet their customers growing needs. Boeing consists of two business units, the Commercial Airplane Unit and the
Another deciding factor propelling Boeing into the commercial airline sector was their burgeoning need to compete with the Airbus. “When the Airbus was prospering, the Boeing Company was struggling with rising costs, declining productivity, delays in deliveries, and production inefficiencies. Boeing Commercial Aircraft Group lost $1.8 billion in 1997 and barely generated any profits in 1998.18 All through the 1990s; the Boeing Company looked for ways to revitalize its outdated production manufacturing system on the one hand, and to introduce leading edge technologies into its jetliners on the other. The development and production of the 777, first conceived of in 1989, was an early step undertaken by Boeing managers to address both problems.” (Kerzner, p.93)
On April 26, 2004, as Airbus surpassed its market share for the first time in the history, Boeing announced its plans to develop the Dreamliner 787 (initially known as Boeing 7E7). These plans were meant to recapture its leading position in the commercial aircraft market. With this aircraft, Boeing used a different approach for development. This report introduces the market position of the 787, addresses its new development strategy and its possible outcomes, and provides recommendations to the project regarding challenges and the competitors Boeing faces.
Boeing forecasted that this region’s economy will grow 4.5% per year for next 20 years, which is major contributor for the whole world’s GDP growth and this is led by China and India. It is predicted that in next 20 years, the passenger air travel growth (RPK) will be increased by 6.3% per year and the cargo (RTK) by 5.8% per year. It is also forecasted that the number of airplanes will be increased to 14750 from 5090 in 2012, which is the huge increase among other world regions (Boeing, 2013) Figure .