The Brain And Nueron Analysis

As well as these there are also the axon of the cell which is covered in myelin sheaths which carried information away from the cell body and hands the action potentials, these are small short bursts of change in the electrical charge of the axon membrane through openings of ion channels, off to the following neurons dendrites through terminal buttons at the end of the axons. Whenever an action potential is passed through these terminal buttons it releases a chemicals that pass on the action potential on to the next neuron through the terminal button and dendrite connection. The chemicals that are

To send a message, a neuron will send a ripple of electrical energy down its axon. This ripple is called "action potential." The way it works is by changing the chemical makeup of the axon's negatively charged interior. Positively charged sodium ions move into the cell and negatively charged potassium ions move out, then the ions move to their original positions. This produces a wave of positively charged

As an action potential travels down the axon of the presynaptic neuron, the action potential reaches the axon terminal synaptic vesicles which migrate toward the synapse. They then release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitters travel through the synaptic cleft and bind to ligand-gated ion channels on the postsynaptic neuron membrane. The channels open and allow chemicals to enter the cell (i.e. sodium). Then positively charged sodium enters the cell and causes the cell to depolarize. The depolarization spreads down the axon and an action potential is generated. The process then starts over at the axon terminals.

Throughout history, many societies across the world have tended to banish people with mental disorders from the mainstream. Even today individuals with psychopathologies experience additional social handicaps and distress as a result of prejudice. Yet, according to statistics, one out of four adults suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year.

The nervous system operates using an electrochemical process (see Video Clip: The Electrochemical Action of the Neuron). An electrical charge moves through the neuron itself and chemicals are used to transmit information between neurons. Within the neuron, when a signal is received by the dendrites, is it transmitted to the soma in the form of an electrical signal, and, if the signal is strong enough, it may then be passed on to the axon and then to the terminal buttons. If the signal reaches the terminal buttons, they are signaled to emit chemicals known as neurotransmitters, which communicate with other neurons across the spaces between the cells, known as synapses.

Our body is like a computer, our brain is the part of the computer that does all of the thinking for you. The PNS is the part of the computer that delivers messages to the body. If we are hot it sends our body a message telling it to cool us down (Brain Facts, 2012). We are filled with nerves throughout our body that send signals to the nerves in the PNS to control our internal organs and make sure that they work properly.

The brain then will send motor neurons to the correct affecter in muscles and glands (Understanding the Basic Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Body).

The neurons communicate by sending electrical impulses called the 'nerve impulse' through the axon. The pre-synaptic neuron is activated therefore the neurotransmitters at end of the pre-synaptic neuron release the message into the synapse which activates the receptors on the post-synaptic neuron.

Once in the synapses, the impulses triggers the release of chemical messages called neurotransmitters; which then bind to receptors on the receiving cell as the transmission of the impulse repeated again. The message or impulse continues traveling from one neuron to the next throughout the body until it reaches its destination as it relays a signal. All of this activity happens in less than a split second and without conscious thought. At the end of this process, the brain has the task of interpreting the message and making the decision as to what to do with this new information. (Carlson, 2011.Pg.45-52)

However, if an individual was a regular binge drinker, they might continue to have that desire of pleasure that alcohol gives them. This desire is due to the Endorphin levels being elevated so often."It is further believed that the basal ganglia, which are involved in compulsive behaviors, may lead to a greater demand of alcohol, regardless of the reason and consequence." (pg 148). This in itself can adversely affect the person's life overall. It can create bad relationships with family, friends, co-workers, and ultimately send someone spiraling down the wrong path. In regards to brain chemistry, the adverse affects of sudden disuse is a level of depression and mood swings, anxiety, tremor, insomnia even profuse sweating. Since the brain then needs that constant feeling of pleasure, the unbalanced brain chemistries tell the user to continue drinking, or they cannot feel well again.

Impulses will travel along the neuron pathways as the electrical charges move across each neural membrane. Ions that are moving across the membrane can cause the impulse to move along the nerve cells.

The proper functioning of the cells allow us to act, think, learn, remember and control complex behaviors. In order to understand how the brain performs these essential functions we must first understand the different components of the cells; such as the function of neurons and their supporting cells in the nervous system. The communication from neuron to neuron, the processes involved in the production of an action potential, how an action potential is conducted along a myelinated axon; and the process of synaptic transmission will be discussed and examined.

The nervous system is in charge of carrying signals from the fingers to the brain, processing information, and sending signals back from the brain to the fingers. The nervous system’s afferent nerves carry signals from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system, neural integration is carried out by interneurons, and efferent neurons send signals back from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system. Neurons conduct messages in the form of nerve impulses. They have dendrites to

The way we think, process, and function is conducted through our nervous system. It is composed of nerve cells called neurons. The brain has 100 billion neurons. They receive an electrical impulse that excites one neuron cell and starts a chain reaction from one to the next and initiates an action. A neuron is composed of a cell body, and has dendrites and an axon. Dendrites are thin tendrils that stretch from the neuron to receive the electrical signal. It passes then on through the cell body to the axon, a long thin strand, that passes it on to the next neuron. Neurons do not touch each other. The junction between neurons is called a synapse. They pass on messages through chemicals called neurotransmitters that jump from the axon and bind to a receptor site on the next neuron’s dendrites across a gap called the synaptic cleft.

In the brain, neurons communicate between each other and with target cells via a great numbers of chemicals they release, so called neurotransmitters. A signal in the brain is sent from a presynaptic neuron to a postsynaptic cell through synaptic transmission, allowing the brain to process information in a rapid way. (Südhof, Starke and Boehm, 2008)