The Brain Is Wider Than The Sky

This article claims that depression is a mental illness that has yet to be completely controlled although, much has been learned about it, there still isn’t a its fundamental understanding of what exactly causes it. The article also talks about some treatments that may be able to help certain depression patients.

Depression is defined as, “a mood disorder marked especially by sadness, inactivity, difficulty with thinking and concentration, a significant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping, feelings of dejection and hopelessness, and sometimes suicidal thoughts or an attempt to commit suicide” (Merriam Webster). A close friend of mine battles depression and would describe it is, “a debilitating mood that makes it hard to get out of the bed in the morning, a desire to sleep all the time, inability to experience joy, and apathy towards life.” Due to its prevalent occurrence among several people groups throughout history, depression is known as the “common cold of mental illnesses” and has been called “the most widespread, serious,

Relationship satisfaction is an important part of romantic relationships. A lack of satisfaction can lead to consequences in other areas of life and eventually, the destruction of the relationship. For example, job performance is heavily influenced by romantic relationship satisfaction. In a study by Greenhaus and Beutell (1985), they argued that poor satisfaction leads to poor job performance and vice versa. They stated this was to because these two spheres are “interdependent.” Satisfaction can also influence quality of health. Conflict in a marital relationship is associated with higher heart rates and blood pressure (Broadwell & Light, 1999; Ewart, Taylor, Kaemer & Agras, 1991; Flor, Breitenstein, Birbaumer & Furst 1995; Frankish & Linden, 1996; Kiecolt-Glaser, 1993; Mayne, O’Leary, McCrady, Contrada & Labouvie, 1997; Morell & Apple, 1990; Shwartz, Slater & Birchler, 1994; Thomsen & Gilbert, 1998). It is also strongly associated with depression and depressed syndromes (Beach, Fincham & Katz, 1998; Fincham & Beach, 1999). This relationship between marital conflict and depression seems to be bidirectional meaning depression is not only a result of conflict but also is caused by the conflict (Beach, et. al., 1998; Fincham & Beach, 1999). Because a lack of relationship satisfaction can negatively affect so many important areas of life, it is important to understand what influences the level of satisfaction held in romantic relationships.

Depression is a mental illness and condition that influences the brain. The mental illness affects an individual’s feelings and thoughts negatively which results in the lowering of one’s mood.

Depression is a disease that many people suffer from everyday of their lives, there are cures and treatments that can get people help, but it is still and everyday struggle. “Depression is a psychoneurotic disorder characterized by a lingering sadness, inactivity, and activity, and difficulty in thinking and concentration.” (Lerner 1). Depression can be defined as a brain disorder, that people are diagnosed with.

Depression is an affective disorder, demonstrating many symptoms such as “hopelessness, helplessness, personal devaluation, and extreme sadness” (depression, 1).Though sadness is something everyone experiences, people who have

“There are wounds that never show on the body that are deeper and more hurtful than anything that bleeds.” is a highly impactful quote spoken by Laurell K. Hamilton. Depression is a serious mental condition that is characterized by extreme feelings of sadness, worthlessness or hopelessness, fatigue, irritability, loss of appetite, inability to concentrate, and insomnial or excessive sleeping. Statistics show that between ten percent and fifteen percent of young people exhibit symptoms of depression. Depression may have physical or emotional causes and may require long-term treatment. Depending on the type of depression and the severity, treatment may include prescription antidepressant drugs or psychotherapy. Controversy surrounds the decision

Hypothesis one predicted that spouse’s insecure attachment and relationship quality would be negatively correlated. Significant partner effects were found, indicating that one spouse’s insecure attachment was negatively correlated with the other spouse’s low relationship quality. Results were also in accordance with hypothesis two which predicted that one spouse’s insecure attachment would elicit lower interpersonal trust, and consequently poorer relationship quality for both spouses. Results also supported hypothesis three which predicted indirect effects of attachment orientation on partner's loneliness via relationship quality. One spouse’s insecure attachment lead to poorer relationship quality, and thus greater loneliness, for both

Depression is a debilitating mental disorder, which can be detrimental to a person’s way of living. For example, depression can cause an individual to have negative thoughts, experience chronic distress, and hopelessness (Pourbabaee, n.d.). Researchers focus on two causes of depression. Those who support the cognitive-behavioral perspective believe depression results from faulty thinking associated with low self-esteem or learned helplessness, as well as environmental influences such as the loss of a loved one or a job. Whereas, those who support the biological perspective believe depression results from the genes a person inherits, chemical imbalances that change the functions of the brain, as well as damage to the anatomy of the brain.

The history of depression reaches back into ancient Mesopotamian times depression was first labeled "melancholia" (Nemade, Reiss & Dombeck, 2007). During this period, people were certain that melancholia was caused by supernatural possession. Thus, the initial documented perception of depression was that is was a spiritual or mental sickness, and not a somatic one (Nemade, et al., 2007). The view of depression as a spiritual or mental illness stayed this way until the 19th and 20th century (Nemade et al., 2007). In 1950, scientists started looking for more organic causes of depression and divided the disorder into subtypes based on what was believed to have caused the disorder (Nemade et al., 2007).

Depression may not seem like much from the outside looking in, but to a person suffering from depression, it is an ailment that brings life to a screeching halt. While most people go through moments of "feeling depressed", these are nothing like bouts of clinical depression.

Freud (1917) explained depression as a response to loss. This could be either real loss, such as a loss of a family member, or a symbolic loss, such as failure to achieve an important goal. Freud suggested that loss caused a person to have a weakened ego which resulted in self hate and self destruction. This was the first time people started believing that depression was an illness that was caused because of an event happening to that individual, rather than it being some sort of brain disorder or physical disease. During the 19th and 20th centuries treatments involved lobotomy. Lobotomies were often ineffective, and caused people to have personality changes, unable to make decisions, and poor judgment and sometimes led to comas and death. In the 1950s and 1960s knowledge of the brain and brain chemistry increased which resulted in believing depression was caused by a change in the environment, such as the death of a family member. This is why the visualisation is so relevant. Any one can experience some sort of loss. Currently it is accepted that depression is caused by biological, psychological and social factors and that all approaches to treatment have an important role to play. Today there are a number of treatments for depression (NHS, 2012). These include talking therapies such as cognitive behaviour therapy, interpersonal therapy and counselling, as well as medical treatments such as

Esbensen and associates (2007) reported that people who are depressed limit their rational and obvious explanations and automatically perceive situations negatively. And also Brewin (1998) stated that existence of depressing thoughts affects individual’s ability to process information consciously that could cause symptoms for depression namely, sleep disturbance, delusions, cognitive and motor slowing and lack of

According to the World Health Organization (WHO): "Depression is a common mental disorder, characterized by sadness, loss of interest and pleasure, feelings of guilt, underestimate the value itself, sleeplessness , loss of appetite, fatigue and poor concentration "[14].

A great deal of research and effort have gone into depression in the last few decades, which has resulted in the intellectual overthrow of some old, intransigent assumptions in the mental health world. Among these are: 1) Certain behaviors are not as mysterious or complicated to understand, therefor correct, as the Old School once thought, 2) We can learn to redirect conscious thought and minimize or mitigate many of these depressive episodes before they take hold in the first place. As a very general