The Brain and Cranial Nerves Essay

24. The larger swelling above the medulla that connects the top of the brain to the bottom and that plays a part in sleep, dreaming, left–right body coordination, and arousal is called the pons.

4. A tract in the spinal cord would most likely be found in the white matter.

The pons is the region above the brainstem. The pons contains the locus coeruleus, a region of cells that belong to the reticular formation. The neurotransmitter norepinephrine are necessary for arousal and attention. These neurons are found in the brain and spinal cord.

The Cerebellum is the part of the brain at the back of the skull in the vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity. The Cerebellum is located behind the top part of the brain stem, it is where the spinal cord meets the brain, the Cerebellum is made of two hemispheres. The Cerebellum receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other different parts of the brain, and then it also regulates motor movements. The Cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech, and then it results in smooth and balanced muscular

The spinal cord and the brain are the main parts of the central nervous system. The spinal cord is aligned from the base of the brain, through the back, which allows the body to move and have sensation. The spinal cord contains dendrites, supporting cells, and axons, long nerve fibers, that attach to the brain to carry out messages. The axons have sheaths of insulation called myelin and the dendrites receive signals from other dendrites. Dendrites actually make

The spinal cord in partnership with the brain sends information around the body by electrical signals. It informs the body exactly what it is the brain requires, the brain then interprets what the body is feeling. The spinal cord in conjunction with the brain makes up the CNS. A cylinder of nerve tissue which resembles a thick cream coloured rope about the thickness of the little finger with a length of approximately 38/45 centimetres stretches these distance to where it joins the medulla oblongata situated at the base of the brain and runs down the spinal cord to the level of the first lumbar vertebra, here it terminates into a bunch of nerves known as the cauda equina, known by this name due to its appearance of a horse tail. Here it

the brain and spinal cord. The largest part of the brain consists of the cerebrum and several

There are two main divisions that comprise the nervous system: the central nervous system consisting of the brain and the spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system consisting of somatic and autonomic nervous systems (Kalat, 2013). The brain and the spinal cord make up the central nervous system and is responsible for the transmission of nervous impulses as well as receiving sensory information (Siegal, 1999). The peripheral nervous system, consisting of cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and peripheral ganglia, is responsible for transmitting information to the central nervous system as well as the rest of the body (Hubbard, 2013).

The hindbrain, located directly above the spinal cord, contains the medulla, pons, and cerebellum.The medulla controls breathing, heart rate, swallowing, digestion, and maintaining an up right posture. As well, the medulla is where nerves from the left brain transfer to the right and nerves from the right brain transfer to the left. Below the medulla are the pons. The pons control sleep and arousal. Behind both the medulla and the pons is the cerebellum. The cerebellum is involved in regulation and coordination of body movements and learning.

Cranial nerves originate from the brain and provide information from the brain to parts of the body. Cranial nerves provide input to both sides of the body. The 12 cranial nerves are as follows:

The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. Its main functions include: processing, integrating, and coordinating sensory information and motor instructions. The sensory data conducts information that is being processed from internal and external conditions the body is experiencing. Motor commands regulate and control peripheral organs (skeletal muscles). The brain functions under memory, emotions, learning, and intelligence. The PNS consist of the neural tissue found outside of the CNS. It functions in sending data to the CNS which motor commands are than carried out to the peripheral tissues/systems. Multiple nerve fibers send sensory data and motor commands in the PNS. The nerves that assist with transmitting data include the cranial nerves and spinal nerve. However, the PNS can be divided into afferent (to bring in) and efferent (to bring out) divisions of transferring data. The afferent division functions in bringing in sensory data to the CNS. Sensory structures are receptors that detect internal/external environmental change and adjusting accordingly. The efferent division functions in carrying out motor commands from the CNS to glands, muscles, and adipose tissue. The efferent division contains somatic

The central nervous system is mainly the brain and spinal cord. These two have a very specific protective covering to build up by other soft tissues. The brain is dividing into forebrain, mid brain, and the hind brain. Most of the functional mapping for the muscular movements and the sensory approach, as well as the executive functions, is delivering throughout the fore brain into the discrete regions. The mid brain creates a part of the brainstem, which is basic keeping that person alive. The hind brain is involved in the formation of the head which is necessary to maintaining balance of the body. The spinal cord is a barred shaped of the nerve that connects to the brain. The spinal cord nerves transmit information from the body organs and

The diencephalon forms part of the central core of the forebrain that is surrounded by the cerebral hemispheres, and contains three main structures; the hypothalamus, the thalamus, and the epithalamus (Marieb & Hoehn, 2016).

There are three main part of the brain. The forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. The forebrain is located in the anterior part of the brain in the cerebral hemisphere. It consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and the subthalamus. (Britannica, encyclopedia britannica, 2017) The midbrain is located in the brain stem. It is responsible in aiding with vision, hearing, and motor control. (Britannica, Midbrain, 2017) Lastly, the hindbrain. The hindbrain consists of the medulla oblongata (breathing

     The brain is aware of its surroundings, via input from the spinal cord and cranial nerves. Cranial nerves with sensory functions allow us to smell and see. Nerves with both motor and sensory functions are responsible for everything from tasting and chewing, to breathing and the heating of your heart. Many of the little things we take for granted are also made possible by cranial nerves.