The Breeding of the Red-Fleshed Apples

At the beginning, in Chicago 1891, the father of Wrigley’s company, William Wrigley Jr. was selling soap. With every sold soap, he was giving to his clients some baking soda. When he detected more interest in his baking soda rather than in his soap, he decided to change his merchandise. To incite people to buy baking soda, he was giving out free gum.

The enzyme Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) belongs to a family of about 10 closely related genes that are mostly responsible for the browning of apples. The genetically modified (GM) apple is nonbrowning because it expresses less PPO by preventing the enzymatic/oxidative browning reaction from occurring (Arctic® Apple, 2016). This reaction is initiated when there is superficial damage to the apple’s cells, such as when the apple is sliced, bitten, or bruised. Colorless polyphenols are oxidized as they come into contact with the PPO and result in colored polymer compounds consisting of quinones (Xu, 2013); therefore, this reaction is the core of why apples brown. By increasing the amount of PPO being suppressed, researchers were able to conclude that high percentage reductions (90-91%) in PPO activities of mature fruit

Genetically modified foods (GMO) are a necessary part of our nation's ability to keep up with the required food. They allow us to make food bigger, and last longer in order to enjoy them year round. However, “food begins to lose nutrition as soon as it is harvested.” (Source A). With this information we may begin to see the danger of keeping foods such as apples for extended periods of time; that is they lose much of their nutrition. In order to avoid eating non nutritional foods it is imperative that we eat closer to home. This will allow us to reduce the amounts of GMOs injected to foods by eating them in season and not needing them to last as long.

It is that first bite you take of one of your juicy and savory store bought apples that just sends your taste buds wild. You can tell by how juicy it is that the apple was probably picked fresh last week. However, that is not the case. That apple had been picked mid-august while it was not fully ripe, was treated with a chemical called 1-MCP (Methylcyclopropene), waxed, boxed, and stored in a cold warehouse for up to 9-12 months. Apples used to be sprayed with fungicide before they used 1-MCP, but after so many health issues it was put to a stop. We have no idea of what is really being put into our food to give them the tastes that we enjoy so much. Unfortunately, American society today barely even knows how food is grown anymore. Barbara Kingsolver’s,

One of solution that could solve this was altering the orange’s DNA with a gene from a different species. However, owner of this company was still uncertain about this solution because the idea of producing a consumed product with which DNA has been manipulated, added, or changed in a laboratory still a controversy in certain region. They couldn’t claim that the oranges that they picked

Since the beginning of agricultural farming, farmers have utilized processes of selection and sorts of “cross-breeding” in order to improvise upon the quality of the crops that they farm. The process of selection consists of a very systematic means of selecting crops and plants that have fertilized in a superior mode than that of sister plants from the same crop. The utilization of these superior crops helps to ensure more consistent plants and crops that reflect that of the superior selection. Crop selection may also refer to the specific types of crops chosen for agricultural farming. These selections are based on the simplicity of farming that crop and it’s profitability (Bareja, 2011). “Cross-breeding” in farming and agriculture consists of the

The book I chose is Mr. Peabody’s Apples, I got this book idea from a friend of mine that said she and her whole family loved it. I have never heard of the book before, but it sounded really interesting. This book was written by Madonna, who was described, by my friend, as a really good author with many other good books. The illustrator is Loren Long, and his illustrations in the book are very good. His work is much more realistic and has an older feel to them. This book is about a boy, named Billy, who starts a rumor about his baseball coach, Mr. Peabody. He tells his friends he saw Mr. Peabody steal an apple one day after practice, and the word spreads fast. Billy didn't get all the information though, and instead of Mr. Peabody stealing the apple he had made a

You can't compare an apple to an orange. It will cause a lot of self-esteem issues, but when it comes to compare and contrasting Doodle and his brother is very easy. This book is about Doodles brother is is embarrassed of his brother because he is messed up and can just walk when he is five.

Handfuls of differences come with caring for apple and orange trees, for both are unique species that have totally different needs when it comes to growing them. To start off all different kinds of trees grow better in different climates. The average apple tree is hardyer and can grow in the colder climate with less humidity. However, the orange tree needs a relatively warm temperature year round or it will die because the ground temperature is too cold for it to sustain life. Another issue related to climate is pests and diseases, which has an ability to hinder a tree's growth or even kill it. Since the orange trees live in such a warm environment most of the pest are out of the sun and the diseases are carried off in the breezes there is

which food is genetically modified or natural. By a research done by BBC on whether genetic

This object brings me back to the reading “The Search of the Primeval Apple Forest” by Frank Browning. For the reason that the apple is an object like the hot dog that is seen as a “quintessentially American” object. Since the apple is associated with the famous apple pie, candy apple, applesauce, and many more American culture recipes. However, when assigned this reading found out that the apple was not even grown first in America. It was grown in different parts of the world like Rome, northern Europe, southwest Asia and so forth (Browning in the reader, pg. 37). The apple started to be passed down by seeds and branches (Browning in the reader). Therefore, was able to get around to many other places as well and that is how it ended up here

Although people believe non-genetically modified food is more reliable, genetically modified food has some advantages. One of the most important of these advantages is that genetically modified food is cheap and productive. Genetically modified food can easily resist droughts, floods and diseases. It will make genetically modified food cheaper and more productive because the farmers can easily take care of their crops. According to Tangley (2000), the genetic engineers are developing the crops that can resist brutal environment in the laboratory. A researcher from Nigerian launched a project of cassava. He changed the genome of cassava to increase the resistance of diseases. The scientists also insert genes into crops to raise production and quality. Hence, genetically modified food can solve

Avocados are green on the outside and the fleshy interior is a yellow-green pigment. They come in various shapes but are most commonly pear-shaped. The flowers are also green-yellow and the seed is relatively large. Furthermore, the tree is self-pollinating and can grow up to sixty-six feet tall. As a subtropical plant, avocado trees need to grow in a habitat with aerated soil, little wind, and no frost. Although avocados mature on the tree, they ripen once they fall off the tree. The avocado tree is very susceptible to contracting a bacterial, viral, or fungal disease, which manifests as spots on the tree. The two cultivars of avocado plants in my yard consist of the Gwen avocado and the Fuerte avocado. The Gwen avocado has a rough darker green surface with a more oval shaped fruit. On the other hand, the Fuerte avocado has a medium sized, green, and pear-shaped fruit. The outer skin of this avocado has a thinner skin that is easier to peel off and the flesh is more creamy and rich in flavor. Avocados are fairly rich in many nutrients including vitamin B, vitamin K, vitamin C, vitamin E, and potassium. Most of the fat composition present in the fruit is monounsaturated fat in the form of oleic acid. In a study conducted by the Hass Avocado Board, consumers of avocado were shown to have a better overall diet. There are many culinary uses of avocados. Apart from the health benefits, some individuals are allergic to avocado and parts of the plant are detrimental to

Article apples are made to resist browning, making them more aesthetically pleasing. This could lead to increases in the amount of product sold in stores because all the apples would look good. Typically, people buy the apples that look the best because they look healthier, if all the apples were not bruised, they would more likely all be grabbed. Children, usually the pickiest eaters, are also more likely to eat Artic apples because they would look better in comparison to regular apples in packed lunches. These apples are also said to contain healthy antioxidants within them that are not traditionally found in other apples because the browning reaction burns them off (Okanagan Specialty Fruits, 2017). Another large reason Artic apples are superior is because there is only one organism being manipulated. With most GMO’s, one gene from an unlike organism is being inserted into a different organism. With Artic apples, they are killing off genes within the apple that have always been found within

Accompany the growing population in the world and food shortages, in order to alleviate the immediate crisis, transgenic technology began to be used in the field of food production. Genetic engineering technology as a young technology, which gives us a lot of genetically modified food and gained unprecedented gains. But science is a double-edged sword. People are concern the topic about that whether genetically modified foods is safety. It is evidently reasonable for some to believe that it hazard to human health and the environment, which should be strictly banned. However, in spite of those who are also think that it is safe and bring us a lot of benefits, which should be actively developed. In this essay, my personal view is that I do not agree with genetically modified foods. Not only because of the destruction it caused to the ecological environment, but also it will affect our health and our future.