Budawang Tribe Essay

The Wichita is a tribe that belongs to a small tribe about three hundred and twenty who live in Oklahoma. They are a tribe of Native Americans who were discovered by the Coronado expedition. Like other Native American tribes the Wichita people have their own language, culture and both, social and legal customs. They refer to themselves as Kitikitish which can be taken literally to mean raccoon eyelids. But signifies a tattooed eyelid which is from a former custom among men where they tattooed lines upon their eyelids. Women however tattoo lines upon the chin and among older women there are those with tattooed designs all over their breasts. The Wichita people were primarily sedentary interested in hunting and farming. The men hunted and went for wars for the protection of their families while women farmed and raised children.

The Sioux and Chippewa Indian tribes’ have a drastically different way of living compared to what other people are accustomed to in terms of their history, clothing, tools, and weapons needed for survival. The Sioux Indians were originally from Asia, but migrated to America about 30,000 years ago. Their long, straight jet-black hair resembles that of the Asian descendants. The Sioux tribes were located in The Great Plains, which consists of 7 different states Minnesota, Wisconsin, North and South Dakota; however, they were also known to live in parts of Nebraska, Illinois, and Montana. “The name Sioux is an abbreviation of Nadouessioux. (Britannica) The name was given to them by the Ojibwa (Chippewa). Sioux means, “Little snake”. The Sioux tended to follow the pattern of the buffalo, which is why they are found in multiple locations.

Saskatchewan was focused upon in this essay for two reasons. The first being that the author had lived in that province for the majority of time they have been in Canada and so is more familiar with the various customs and cultures that exist in the place. The second reason is that the natives have lived on this land for tens of thousands of years, hence an incredible amount of diversity exists among the cultures here . The two cultures focused upon in this essay are the Cree and the Lakota.

The Chumash lived along the southern part of California’s warm coastal region. Chumash Indians lived in dome- shaped houses, called aps. Some of the houses could fit up to 70 people. The house was made out of bent willow branches and surf grass. The doorway was covered with a mat of weeds. A fire was usually built in the center of the ap to keep it warm. The ap, therefore, had an opening in the roof to allow smoke from cooking to come out. Each Chumash village usually had houses, a sweat lodge, buildings for storing food, and an area for ceremonies.

The Cherokee tribe is known as one of the earliest and largest Indian tribe in North America. They are federally recognized even today among several states(museum). While they slowly became Americanized by the Europeans who came over to America, some still practice their typical Indian rituals publicly today. Most converted to Christianity and their government in Oklahoma is based off the American government with three branches. One would believe that the Trail of Tears could have completely vanquished these Indians but many made it through the horrendous trial and kept the Indian bloodline going even present day (Conley).

I picked the Chinook tribe, which is a northwestern tribe located around the columbian river, or today's Washington and Oregon. The land and climate really defined how the Chinook people lived and is why it’s defined as a folk culture. The Chinook tribe is around large forests that the tribe uses to build canoes and large houses. The Chinook tribe would build these large houses and many people could live inside, these houses were made out of red cedar a tree that was very abundant in the area. The Climate where the Chinook tribe located was very harsh but easy at times. The climate existed of very rainy seasons with very hot seasons that defined what the Chinook tribe would wear. The Chinook tribe would wear little to nothing on the hot

Families assembled in spring to angle, in early winter to chase, and in the mid year they isolated to develop singular planting fields. Young men were educated in the method for the forested areas, where a man's aptitude at chasing and capacity to get by under all conditions were imperative to his family's prosperity. Ladies were prepared from their most punctual years to work perseveringly in the fields and around the family wetu, a round or oval house that was intended to be effortlessly disassembled and moved in only a couple of hours. They likewise figured out how to accumulate and handle normal foods grown from the ground, other create from the living space, and their harvests. The creation of sustenance among the Wampanoag was like that of numerous Native American social orders. Nourishment propensities were partitioned along gendered lines. Men and ladies had particular undertakings. Local ladies assumed a dynamic part in a hefty portion of the phases of nourishment creation. Since the Wampanoag depended fundamentally on products gathered from this sort of work, ladies had vital socio-political, financial, and profound parts in their groups. Wampanoag men were for the most part in charge of chasing and angling, while ladies dealt with cultivating and the social event of wild organic products, nuts, berries, shellfish, and so on. Ladies were in charge of up to seventy-five percent of all sustenance

Often time’s couples marry only to find out that they have a difference of opinion or one spouse has caused serious marital strain on the other. Since the Iroquois couples lived matrilineally, this makes it easier for the woman to dissolve the marriage, keep her children and continue to live at home with her family. “If a woman no longer desired to be married to her husband, all she had to do was pack up her husband’s belongings and leave them on the steps of the longhouse. When he came home, the husband would find them, realize his wife had terminated the marriage, and return to his home village and his own patrilineage.” (Nowak, B. & Laird, P. 2010 chapter 4.5 Divorce) In the American culture it is more difficult to obtain a divorce.

The oral history of these people talk about how groups or bands of people were entrusted to care for the environment and resources within their ancestral territory (About The Hualapai Nation, 22). They are descendants of a group called the Cerbat (“Hualapai Tribe”). The tribe’s ancestral territory estimated to be about five million acres (About The Hualapai

In the tradition of Native American culture, there is no custom of written records of personal life or tribal history. Even though they have written language, the major way to record history is by oral storytelling. Those stories focus more about creation time, tribal and family history rather than individual life. Recording autobiography from different Native American tribes is a convention way for anthropologists to preserve the Indian traditions, which gradually decline and lost after Native American contact with Western culture. Moreover, the autobiographies of Native American individuals also fulfill the public curiosity about their culture. Nevertheless, the culture differences create the confusion and misunderstand in the written records. For the people does not familiar, and understand the Indian cosmology, the autobiography provides us as a tool to reveal the secret veil of Native American. In the same time, it leads a certain degree of deduction about the narrator original meaning.

Washington’s native people came from Africa, Europe, and Asia, also known as the Old World. Archeologists can make a good guess on when they arrived by the age of the tools they left behind. Native Americans arrived in Washington at the minimum, 10,000 years ago. The Native Americans divided. Some went towards the coast near the Pacific Ocean, and others went to the plateau near the Columbia Basin.

Australia in 1949 gained the trust territory of Papua New Guinea and it was then the aborigines of that Remote location were found. Around 1954 the first outsider discovered the Fore Indians. It was JR McArther and a patrol officer that were first outsiders who witnessed a young girl shaking violently and her head was bouncing from side to side. Kuru is what the Fore Tribe in their terms meant “to shake with fear”, this was one of the symptoms. Along with the trembling they had loss of balance, spontaneous laughing, pain throughout the joints of their body, as it progresses, inability to speak, and ultimately death. The natives believed it was sorcery or witchcraft but the patrol officer believed it to be endemic or possibly psychosomatic.

Although I do not disagree with the books’ presentation of the Sambia tribe through sexual orientation, I believe other viewpoints can be used to explain the culture around puberty. Since males go through puberty later in adolescence, there becomes a need to understand the differences between an adult and a child. The most obvious difference is the production of semen. Since prepubescent men cannot produce semen, the adults think it is something that needs to be given instead. As most people do not want to deviate from the norm, for fear of being ostracized, the practice remains. It would be interesting to compare female and male rituals to see if there is a difference in how they view puberty. Especially because women are seen as the inferior

Lastly, the Guarani-Kaiowa tribe should not gain the ownership rights to the “ancestral” lands of Mato Grosso do Sul due to the fact that it could cause irreversible damage to the lives of small farmers. Most of the residents have called Mato Grosso do Sul their homes for decades. According to Tereza Cristina, a local congresswomen, “there are some big producers in the region, but many are small and medium-sized landowners who have had the title to their land for 60, 70, sometimes 100 years” (Guardian 3). These people have built families and careers around these lands through hard and honest work that benefits Brazil and it’s economy as a whole. Yet, instead of rewarding them for their centuries of service, the natives want to evict each family

Once more, there are some facing the threat of extinction, and this time, they are fellow human beings.