The CES-Demographic Study

Depression is pervasive in both mental health and medical settings. In the US, the number of discharges with major depressive disorder as first-listed diagnosis was estimated 395,000 for 2010. The CDC also cites the percentage of persons 12 years of age and older with depression in any 2-week period at an estimated 8% between 2007-2010 (CDC, 2015). The American Psychiatric Associates guidelines on treatment of Major Depressive Disorder recommend the ongoing monitoring of symptoms among patients. Specifically, the APA recommends “systemically assessing symptoms of illness and the effects of treatment”. Consideration is given to matching clinical observations with clinician and/or patient administered rating scale measurements for initial and ongoing evaluation (American Psychiatric Association,

After the 10 week counseling program was completed, the foster mother continued to collect data on cutting, episodes of anger and going for a walk when angry for four weeks. This served as the follow-up or second A period.

Morris & Oosterhoff (2016) states that there is evidence that many internalizing disorders, such as emotional or behavioral disorders, are developed in the childhood or late childhood stages of development. They go on to say that the parenting styles used to raise a child and over control may be linked to a child developing an internalizing disorder. The parenting and over control will interfere with the developing a healthy process of self-efficacy and may “undermine children’s feelings” creating anxiety (Morris & Oosterhoff, 2016, p. 2).

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are quite vulnerable to anxiety and depression, especially in late adolescence and early adult life (Tantum & Prestwood, 1999). In accordance with a study sampling children between 7 and 13 years of age (Vickerstaff, Heriot, Wong, Lopes & Dossetor, 2006), it is hypothesized that adolescents on the autism spectrum with high IQ will be more likely to experience depression. participants will be 50 adolescents between 13 and 18 years of age formally diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. participants will complete the depression related questions from the depression anxiety stress scale (DASS) which will be administered by their respective psychologist. the participants DASS score will be measured against IQ score. participants with higher IQ scores will be more likely to experience depression and participants with lower IQ scores.

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among people age 15 to 34 years of age (Center for Disease Control [CDC], 2015). More than 25% of all high school age adolescents in the United States who took part in a youth risk behavior survey felt symptoms of depression almost every day for two or more consecutive weeks (CDC, 2012). Adolescents who are depressed are at higher risk for suicide. Early recognition and treatment is crucial to preventing suicide attempts (King & Vidourek, 2012). Screening for adolescent depression is an important step in implementing the Institute of Medicine (2001) recommendation for improving safety in health care. In addition, the care provided must be patient centered and equitable. This quality improvement project aims to provide screening for adolescent depression for all patients age 12 years and older during routine well-child visits.

Jordan was administered three assessment measures to help the clinician identify the severity of his anxiety-based symptoms. The Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale main purpose is to provide an overall view of Jordan’s self-perception. This scale will assist the therapist by finding problematic areas that will be addressed in treatment. Jordan’s self-reported baseline was 39. The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) focuses on assessing the severity of anxiety symptoms. Jordan’s self- reported baseline is a 39. The CES-DC scale assess for depression and Jordan’s self-reported baseline is 17. Based off the self-reported measures Jordan does not meet the criteria for a formal diagnosis due to the time (duration)of the symptoms. Jordan has displayed the requisite symptoms for less than 6 months. He did however, meet criteria for subclinical generalized anxiety disorder. The data from the anxiety and negative affectivity questioners indicate that Jordan has moderate but not severe levels of discomfort. Additionally, Jordan’s level of self-esteem was good and his level of depression was low. Jordan’s 12-week treatment and sessions will include the following; 1-2 engagement, 3-4 psycho-education about anxiety with Jordan and his parents, 5-6 exposure element techniques, 7-8 relation techniques, 9-10 positive self-talk, and 11-12 termination.

First the case is send to the program from the District Attorney’s Office, and then a letter is send to the child’s home for invitation to the program. When the client comes in I first take a MAYSI assessment (Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument). After the assessment, I briefly go over the result of the assessment and then conduct an orientation to the family to help them better understand what the program is really about. The family does have a choice whether or not they would do the program. If they decided that the program is a good fit for them then I schedule them for a comprehensive assessment which takes up to two hours to complete. The comprehensive assessment form assess in four major parts which is education history, family history, substance abuse and physical mental health status. After the assessment I then decide which type of intervention approach that I’m going to use. The program does not provide any type of counseling we have to refer out to the community for intervention.

5. Grade or age levels covered: This measure can be administered to individuals ages 13 years and older (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996).

The selected youth were living in foster care, and were free of active bipolar 1 disorder, eating disorders, chronic illnesses (cancer, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune disorders), psychotic disorders, and suicidality. Weight and height were measured for each individuals BMI, to assess and measure cortisol and protein levels, saliva was collected. Other participants and caregivers completed tests of psychosocial measures along with 12 other tests and questionnaires. The child behavior checklist – Parent version (CBCL). (Achenbach and Rescorla 2001) was a form that was completed by the adolescent’s parent, caregiver or legal guardian. They were asked questions that described the adolescent’s emotional and behavioral problems. It contained 113 problems that were rated from zero being “not true” to two being “mostly true”. The quick inventory of depressive symptomatology—self-report (QIDS-SR). (Rush et al. 2003). This was a 16 item measure of the adolescent’s severity of depression symptoms. These questions were based on 9 symptoms of depression on the DSM-IV. This sample resulted in sufficient central consistency. The state-trial anxiety inventory-trait subscale (STAI-T). (Spielberger et al. 1983) was a 20-item scale that measured anxiety. Scores were rated from 0-60, higher scores marked higher anxiety. Functional assessment of self-mutilation. (FASM). (Lloyd et al. 1997). The

Given that children with CHD are at greater risk for depression, and depression puts this population at greater risk for medical non-adherence and increased mortality and increased utilization of medical resources, the implementation of a protocol aimed at the identification of depression and/or anxiety in this high-risk population and appropriate referral may have a positive effect on QOL and resilience. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review and summarize current literature, and determine if the

Benjamins and Whitman (2014) were able to conduct a research study in four different communities in the state of Chicago that examined the correlation between disparities or discrimination among racial/ethnic groups and it’s effect on the quality of healthcare and outcomes. The title of the study is the Relationship between discrimination in health care and health outcomes among four race/ethnic groups. Healthcare disparity is one of the major issues that the healthcare system in U.S is facing and the authors of this study stated that although this issue is huge, not many researches have been done on the issue. Benjamins and Whitman (2014) collected the data from the Sinai Improving Community Health Survey. The data was aimed to document the health of six Chicago communities (Benjamins & Whitman, 2014). The data was chosen to reflect major racial/ethnic population in Chicago.

Prevalence of major depressive disorder in Children and adolescents 7.7% of 8.8% of children having severe impairment prevalence in children is 2% ulta female Day short is about to Mom adolescent is 4 - 8% would male to female ratio is 1 - 2sub syndromal depression is present in 5 to 10% of the children

It is used for the assessment of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents (age 6 to 18 years). Originally an extension of the Adults SADS, it was first developed by Puig-Antich. Since then, it has been repeatedly updated to match with the DSM criteria (Ghanizada, Mohammadi & Yazdanshenas, 2006). Presently, it has several variants which include KSADS -P (Present), -E (Episodic), -PL (Present and Lifetime) among others;

Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS; Cox et al. 1987) scores between 12–19, suggestive of major depression (Gibson et al. 2009), spoke English or French, 16–45 years-old and within 24 months since delivery. Mothers with twins, a history of mental illness, or who were taking medication or psychotherapy for depression were included. Two versions of the EPDS were used for initial depression screening. Nurses working in a ‘tele-care’ service, a free provincial telephone-based health advice and information line to advise, screened with the shorter three item EPDS-3 which detects the presence depression (Kabir et al. 2008). Public health nurses working in Toddler Clinics that focused on child health (dental, vision, hearing, development, growth,

People used to believe that children had no reason to be depressed it wasn’t till a few years ago: “No one thought that children could suffer from real depression; there wasn’t even an official diagnosis for childhood depression until 1980” (Fassler 4). But really who would have thought that such a thing could be possible. Sadly today we know that it’s a real disease and it affects more adolescents than we think: “ The National Institute of Mental Health estimates that as many as 2.5 percent of all American youngsters under the age of eighteen or over 1.5 million children and adolescents are seriously depressed” (Fassler 2).