Juxtaposing the trends in Nigeria’s Capital and Recurrent Expenditures on Human Capital Development (1981-2010)
By
Alutu, Uzochukwu Uchechukwu (B.Sc)
Email: uzlutus@yahoo.com
&
Izilein, Elizabeth I. (Mrs) Ph.D
Department of Economics and Statistics,
University of Benin, Benin City
Email: eiokojie@gmail.com, elizabeth.izilein@uniben.edu, eiokojie@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT This paper seeks to compare and contrast various trends in the capital and recurrent expenditure on human capital development in Nigeria between the years 1981 and 2010. The data used for the study are from secondary sources: Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) publications, Statistical Bulletins and CBN Annual Reports (various issues). The paper employed a descriptive statistical analysis of trends of government capital and recurrent expenditure on human capital development as well as economic growth using data on Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) as proxy. The findings reveal that government places higher premium on its recurrent expenditure compared to capital expenditure in the education and health sectors. The study recommends government increased funding to the education and health sectors by allocating more to capital expenditures than to recurrent expenditures in order to improve the quality of facilities, materials and equipment in the education and health sectors adequately, and enhance their role in the growth process.
Key Words: Human Capital Development, Capital and Recurrent Expenditure,
Illita H (1996). Some Psychological Effects on Nigeria's Economic Couch on the Teachers and Consequently their understudies. The Counselors 14 (1): 39-40.
Human capital is an important aspect of an individual's life that are affected by their education, training, and health. In order to optimize my human capital, I plan on continuing my education and pursuing a chemistry degree or taking part in a pharmacy program to be able to receive my Pharm. D. In order to accomplish this goal, I am interested in the pharmaceutical program offered by the Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University. The program that they offer would allow me to receive my pharmacy degree in six years and be guaranteed a job shortly after graduating. Another option would be to attend a school that focused primarily on pharmaceuticals such as the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and health sciences. Throughout my schooling, I would like to shadow or intern for a professional in the field so I am able to better understand the qualities and aspects that pharmacists have to be equipped with.
In this essay, the author was trying to explain what human capital really is versus what society has perceived it to be. The author, David Brooks, views human capital as more than just academic skills needed to succeed in a modern society. He views it as several aspects such as, cultural, social, moral, cognitive and aspirational capital. I agree with the author’s point of view in this essay because human capital is more than answering questions correctly on a test. The success in human capital comes from being prosperous in several different areas of everyday life. For example, it is respectable to obtain a high IQ but it is just as important to be a reliable person when striving for a prosperous future. I prefer to have wisdom over intelligence
More effective responses to changes ? improved trust and communication help a team to adapt to new circumstances.
This paper discusses the financial complexities of the U.S. Government and its Department of Education. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the funding level of the U.S. Government and its Department of Education. It also reviews several trends that are identified at 2009 actual, 2010 and 2011 amounts for outlays and receipts, and relationship to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It further considers key summary of the budget message of the President of the United States as it is related to issues and economic situations during the financial year 2009 (Office of Management and Budget, 2010). This paper
The United States has always focused on being number one in the world in everything. According to Brighouse, ever since the Cold War and the race to space the United States has seen education as the door to being number one in economics and education (Brighouse 27). The U.S. sees education as the panacea of getting back to the top as a country. Although there is some merit in preparing students to be productive workers, there are many different limits that come with this mindset. Therefore, the goal of education should not entirely be to create productive workers; It poses limits such as schools becoming factories and money not always bring growth.
Education and wellbeing are fundamental targets of improvement; they are imperative closures in themselves. Wellbeing is key to prosperity, and education is crucial for the delightful and compensating life; both are central to the more immense thought of extending human limits that lie at the heart of the importance of improvement.Not one person has accomplished sustained economic improvement without generous interest in human capital. The aspect and importance of human capital in moving the tread of economic growth can't be embellish. The advancement of human capital has been perceived by financial analysts to be a key necessity for a nation's financial and political change.
As stated by Riddell, human capital is often referred to as the skills, competencies, and knowledge that one possesses, including both cognitive skills and non-cognitive skills. Human capital can be largely determined or influenced by your environment and it is essential to individual and social well being. As a result, most people tend to place great consumption value on education based on the belief that acquiring an education can result in many private benefits such as higher earnings and better health. Human capital formation and education specifically, play an important role in the economy and society as a whole, as it largely affects the labour market. Education provides individuals with equal opportunity to better themselves and climb the social ladder, and often results in enhanced productivity and economic growth if used effectively. However, investment in education is risky as there is great uncertainty as to
The Nigerian economy has quite the surplus of natural resources they offer the potential for economic growth. “Crude oil accounted for over 95% of exports and over 65% of government revenue in 2004;” Nigeria is number eight in the world's exporter for oil. But agriculture still is a big part in the basic economic activity for the Nigerians.
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Another area of disagreement might be his comment that there were “surplus of educated labor at the moment and human capital is still scarce in the society”. Perhaps, that was the case by his assessment in 1975. He did not give any statistical evidence or example to back up his assertion. However, that is not the case today as human capital has increased in the United States and majorly around the world (The human capital report 2105)
Education is seen as the gateway to economic well being, making the quality of the education provided a more important issue in need of attention in both developed and developing countries. Economic growth and poverty reduction cannot prevail without an educated and skilled workforce. In developing countries, one additional year of education adds approximately 10 percent to a person’s earnings (A Global Impact on Learning 2011). Thus it is imperative that developing countries invest in the education of its people so that its entire country can prosper.
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