The Carleton Prize For Biotechnology Nomination

Acacia Dairsow Page one P.5 The Amazing Discovery of Penicillin and Antibiotics! Antibiotics have been around for years, but at the same time only for a short period, as in about 80 years ago Therefore penicillin and antibiotics are one of the greatest discoveries of the 20th century Seeing as how Penicillin is one of the greatest discoveries of the 20th century, it is now commonly used to cure “common” or “simple” infections, Alexander Fleming was the one to discover Penicillin and its uses, and Penicillin was actually discovered by accident. I’ve used a variety of sources to learn and study about one

Alexander Fleming, did not comprehend the miracle of mold in the year 1928. The mold produced a material, that the British Bacteriologist recognized came from the penicillin family; hence the name. A 1999 issue of an MMWR weekly article titled Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999: Control of Infectious Diseases, originating from the CDC (Center for Disease Control) declared the three leading causes of

The development of penicillin provided a major stepping stone for the practice of medicine, and has saved the lives of countless individuals since its synthesis.

In this reading there was many very interesting facts about penicillin. Penicillin was a breakthrough in the medical field in the 20th century. The scientist Alexander Fleming had accidentally spilled a vile of bacteria on to a plate of bacteria to his benefit he found that is had stopped the growth of bacteria. This accidental discover has benefited everyone in the world because we have to get these shots if we are infected, plus it saved many life’s in world war II. However, Penicillin is considered an antibiotic chemical that is created by living organism to stop the growth of bacteria and prevent an illness if people were to come into contact with this problem. Since the discovery and massive stock piling of this cure it has become less

The wonderful discovery of Penicillin, a medicine that was discovered in 1928. This medicine was used to cure bacteria in humans. Penicillin had good results not only in the 1928, as it also still is very successful today. Penicillin had a big impact, it cured many people in the U.S. during World War II. penicillin,leads to the development of others antibiotics.

In 1929 Fleming published his findings to a British Journal of Experimental Pathology, referencing that penicillin had potential of therapeutic benefits. Dr. Fleming was never able to purify his samples of penicillin, but he became the first person to publish the news of its germ-killing power. Howard Florey, Ernst Chain and Norman Heatley expanded on Fleming 's work in 1938, at Oxford University.

by Dr. Alexander Fleming. As test continued, Fleming began to realize that he was on the verge of a great discovery. However, he still did not know the identity of the fungus, and had little knowledge of fungi. His crude extracts could be diluted 1,000 times and still be effective in killing bacteria. After years of working on penicillin and going nowhere, many of his co-workers grew tired of hearing about it. The first real test for penicillin came when a 48-year-old police officer nicked himself shaving. After a time, Alexander's face became infected and he developed a temperature. When he was rushed to the hospital, the doctors believed that he had only hours

When Sulfanilamide was in use for injured and sick soldiers the mortality rate dropped down from 75% to only 11%. The soldiers were instructed to administer the sulfa powder if they ever became infected. In 1906 Alexander Fleming began experimenting with antibacterial. In 1921 he had discovered lysozyme, which attacked many forms of bacteria. He then used the properties of "mold juice" and subsequently created penicillium.

Fleming began to sort through petri dishes containing colonies of Staphylococcus, bacteria that cause boils, sore throats and abscesses. He noticed something unusual on one dish. It was dotted with colonies, except for one area where a blob of mold was growing. The zone immediately around the mold—later identified as a rare strain of Penicillium notatum—was clear, as if the mold had secreted something that inhibited bacterial growth (American Chemical Society). The first introduction of penicillin began in the 1940’s, it was recognized as one of the greatest advances in therapeutic medicine. The discovery was made in the United Kingdom but because of World War II, the United States developed a large production of the drug. By 1937, an important pain killer known as methadone was introduced. Morphine, the most active substance in opium, is a very powerful painkiller that hooked many US Civil War soldiers (Drug Free World). They were wanting to find a painkiller that was less addictive to use for surgery and that’s why they invented

World War II was a historical turning point not only for the basis of political power and war tactics, but also for drugs and medical advances. Between 1939 and 1945, new medical techniques were developed as a direct response to new weaponry. One of the more profound advances was penicillin, discovered in 1928 by Scottish scientist Sir Alexander Fleming. During the war, the drug helped reduce the overall number of amputations and

Fleming’s work was later expanded by Howard Florey and Ernst Chain and their team at Oxford University beginning in 1938, about ten years after Fleming’s first findings. They were able to transform penicillin as a curiosity in the lab and antiseptic to the life-saving antibiotic we know it as today. Howard Florey was deemed at an early age by his older sister who was a medical student at the time to be the next “Pasteur” due to his interest in pursuing medical research. Florey then achieved much as a student at the University of Adelaide, which at that time didn’t specialize in researchers, but in preparing general practitioners. Howard then went on to receive the Rhodes Scholarship to study in England at Oxford University. He used this opportunity as a springboard to going on to study in America and return back to England to Oxford University achieve much greatness. In 1938, he became the director of the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology. After a few years of taking on a variety of experiments and gathering a team of trusted professionals, he spearheaded work on the self-proclaimed “Penicillin Project” after coming across and sifting

Prize’s are put into place to award gifted beings; whose work has or will make a significant change in mankind. Most importantly, they are recognize by their genius and not judging their area of expertise. When the awarded person wins the prize, there is always a level expectation that is expected of them. In the history of science, there have been many achievements that have motivated by human to not only live to the fullest of their potential but to live as long and healthy life as they can. These victories in medicine have started the courage for all human being all over the world having the confidence to live their lives without a disease or bacteria infection that now days can be cured without any problem taking their life. Given Antony Van Leeuwenhoek along with his many contributions to science, there is no better nominee for an award that demonstrated the constitutional achievements in biotechnology. A tradesman and inventor in the biotechnology society he is undeniably deserving of The Carleton Prize of Biotechnology. Antony van Leeuwenhoek’s experimentation of lenses for microscopic research, and his inventions which increased magnification, research and development there would be many unanswered question in the medical world.

named Dr. Amalia Koutsouri-Vourekas. During World War One, Alexander Fleming joined the Army Medical Corps and while serving, Fleming had noticed that the substances they were using at the time for antibiotics did more harm to the patients than it helped them. During his time in the military, after discovering how harmful the current antibiotics were, he got to work and made many innovations to them, making them safer and do more good. At the time, these innovations were seen as great things but soon would be overseen with his later discovery.

A group of Oxford scientists built upon the discovery by Alexander Flemming in order to mass produce penicillin. In the course of his research, Sir Flemming noticed that the secretions of a certain strain of mold, Penicillium notatum, killed surrounding bacteria. The purification of penicillin from the secretions, however, proved difficult. In the late 1930s, Howard Florey, Ernst Chain and others at Oxford University, “turned penicillin from a laboratory curiosity into a life-saving drug” (American Chemical). For their work on penicillin, Flemming, Florey and Chain were awarded the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The first penicillin samples were unrefined and produced in milk jugs (Quinn, 427), but within five years, its distillation occurred at the industrial level. This was accomplished as a result of the implementation of an open network of information exchange. Roswell Quinn writes, “Mold samples, top-secret reports, and scientists began flying all over the country and, in some cases, the world” (Quinn, 427). Additionally, the cost of the drug’s development raised no concerns

We had so many illnesses before penicillin like for example the spread of diseases from rats and also from bacterias that were everywhere we touched, ate and drank. Many people lost their lives because of all of this tragedies that is why the population of cities, villages, and countries were so small because many of the people were dying of illness and the mistread of the doctors by not having a cur at the time. People had it hard before the discovery of the best medication there is was hardly any cure for anything. During World War 1 Fleming and his crew moved with the soldiers and served them when they got injured and try to save their lives because when they were at war there was a lot more bacteria because there were so many deaths of other soldiers and because there were too many chemicals in the air the reason being was the amo and the types of bomb that were used at the time. After Fleming noticed that there were so many lives that were lost he thought to himself why wasn’t anything to save lives invented so he went to the laboratory and had so many formulas in mind to help fight bacteria but none of them worked because it did not kill it. When Fleming was cleaning his laboratory he had different types of bacterias together but he had it in a cube to analyze it later with other formulas, but when he was cleaning he spilled some chemicals into the cube he had and did not know what happened but he analyzed the bacteria and what the chemical did to it, he noticed that it killed the bacteria that was impossible to kill and he had to do some more research to find out how the bacteria was dead and how to test it again. After several times he researched the bacteria with penicillin he revealed his work in 1929. Since then Fleming changed the world of medicine and saved many lives, but it took a while for his invention to be all over the world and