The Case Heard At Manchester Court

Victim-blaming in a word is exactly what it sounds like, it is when the victim of a crime is either held partially or entirely responsible for the wrongdoing that has befallen them. Victim-blaming can have numerous negative effects the most obvious being that other victims are less likely to come forward in fear of being labeled at fault and generally degraded. In the article ‘Being Silenced: The Impact of Negative Social Reactions on the Disclosure of Rape’ it is revealed that rape survivors often stopped talking about the assault after experiencing negative reactions such as being blamed for the assault, receiving insensitive reactions from family friends, and professionals, receiving a lack of support after disclosing the crime, and inappropriate

Both von Hentig and Mendelsohn are seen in most academic literature as the founders of the discipline of victimology. This notion of the responsibility and accountability of the victim’s influence of their own victimisation was further developed within the work of Wolfgang (1958) whom introduced the terms victim precipitation. Whereas Hindelang et al. (1978) introduced the notion of victim’s lifestyle which was in relation to the victims daily routine and activities which could account towards their personal victimisation. Putting themselves at greater risk of being a victim of crime was put into the “lifestyle model’ which was developed by Hindeland, Gottfredson and Garfolo (1978, cited in Fattah, 2000). Further research into the victim precipitation and victim lifestyle was “According to Zender (2002, pp.4201-1), Wolfgang’s study Patterns in Criminal Homicide (1958) and Amir’s Patterns of Forcible Rape (1971) continued the theme of victim precipitation.” Positivist victimology was a term coined by (1989:3) he identified what can be seen as they key characteristics of positivist victimology: “The identification of factors which contribute to a non random pattern of victimisation, a focus on interpersonal crimes of violence, and a concern to identify victims who may have contributed to their own victimisation”. (Jupp, Davies, and Francis, 2003) p.g.9 Sometimes positivist victimology can be referred to as conservative

I did go two different courts. Southwark Crown Court which was opened in 1983 is one of those. It contains 15 courts, making it the fourth biggest court in the nation and is outlined as a genuine extortion focus. In England and Wales the crown courts additionally go about as a court of first occasion for serious criminal offences. A case, contingent upon the seriousness can take many deferent routs through the structure of the legal framework. The severe the crime, the higher the court that the trial does settled. My court visit on eighteenth and nineteenth of December 2014 was truly fundamental, keeping in mind the end goal to accomplish a more prominent useful understanding of the different angles and structural type of legitimate framework. A percentage of the procedures that they take after are indeed regulations of Act of Parliament, the lion 's share of which are a piece of the Court Procedures Act 2004.

In the human services field it’s likely workers will have contact with the court and legal system. The differences in the human services profession and the legal systems can become challenging for workers. Such as dissimilarities in prerogatives and values, prove this challenge for human services workers (Kennedy, Richards, & Leiman, 2013). Human service work practice requires an understanding of social policy’s impact in specific areas. As practitioners grasping how theories concerning fundamental principals of social policy have implications for human services agencies and for the individuals who are the users of the services (Carson & Kerr, 2014). This paper will discuss a case observed at Beenleigh Magistrates Courthouse. It will also look at the multiple roles and responsibilities of Human Service professionals appearing in the legal system, as well as the importance of ethical writing and possible tensions between the legal system and human services profession.

Did the trial court err when it did not deem as admitted facts the allegations made by the Defendant in his Seconded Amended Complaint in accordance with MD Rule 2-323(e), which caused a violation of the Defendant’s fourteenth amendment rights?

In victimology, there are still many unanswered questions and difficulties to find patterns that would easily classify victims, because nobody is exempt from becoming a victim. Nevertheless, some clichéd views about victims are embedded in our society. For example, Christie (1986) describes the idea of the ideal victim, which is, in fact a person who is easily given the status of being a victim. Ideal victims are perceived as blameless, law-abiding, usually female, vulnerable and worthy of help, sympathy and attention. Walklate (2005) used the fairytale of little red riding hood to illustrate the ‘ideal victim’; young, innocent, female out doing good deeds only to be attacked by

Attributions of rape blame may be related to variables such as alcohol consumption and resistance used during a sexual assault. As noted, by Coates, Bavelas, and Gibson (1994), “trial judgments frequently include a description of how the complainant resisted the assault” (p.195). Many perpetrators of sexual assault realize that it is harder for women to resist sexual advances when intoxicated; thus, alcohol is often used as a tool of coercion in pursuing ‘sex’ (Mosher & Anderson, 1986). Furthermore, a victim’s intoxication at the time of assault can impact a rape trial in two ways. First, alcohol creates contention around consent (Cowan, 2008). That is, it is difficult to determine,

Sex offences are still primarily conducted by male offenders, however there has been an increase in sexual offences carried out by female offenders being reported over the last vicennial. Turvey teaches us that the increasing arrests of women who have been charged with a sexual offence, is most likely linked to an increase in victim willingness to report the crime (2012). Unlike male offenders who are often driven by sexual arousal, studies show that female offenders are more often drawn to their victims out of loneliness or a need for emotional attachment. Societal double standards between males who are viewed as aggressors and females who often are perceived as nurturing caregivers is has played a part in the limited research that has been conducted on female sex offenders.

To illustrate contemporary victim blaming, a high profile case such as Ray and Janay Rice are an example of victim blaming in modern society. After the video of Ray Rice having punched out his fiancé many wondered after why she stayed and stood by him let alone still marry him. People formed low opinions of her for having stayed and did not stop to think of the psychological aspects of intimate partner violence they saw the assault and instantly seemed to believe that she should easily be able to leave and when she did not leave people became outraged that she could think to stay. Many opinioned that he had absolutely no right to punch her yet there were several who defended Ray Rice saying that she also held some blame in the altercation

Victimology is defined as, “Victimology is the scientific study of victimization, including the relationships between victims and offenders, victims and the criminal justice system, and victims and other social groups and institutions, such as the media, businesses, and social movements. Victimology studies victims of crimes and other forms of human rights violations that are not necessarily crime.” (US Legal, 2016) Victimology began in Europe after World War II ended. In the early stages of victimology, it was stated that victim’s attitude and conduct were the cause of criminal behavior. It wasn’t until the late 1960s when victimology increased in the United States. The first national victimization survey was conducted after an increase of

“Twenty to twenty-five percent of women will experience a completed and/or attempted rape during their college career” (Gray). That is about one in four or five women. “Half of the students that go to Baker University are women” (“Baker University”). That would mean that ten to thirteen percent of the female students on campus have either been raped or rape has been attempted against them. I have used five articles to examine the link between the belief in a just world and how much blame a victim receives based on the support victims get from friends and family, and any differences based on gender of the perpetrator and victim.

Forensic victimology is the idiographic and nomothetic study of violent crime victims for the purposes of addressing investigation and forensic issues. It is a subdivision of interactionist victimology which is defined by having suffered harm or loss due to a breach of the law. Forensic victimology has purpose goal which is to empower victims, returning victims to the state they were in prior to suffering harm or loss, and making them feel more comfortable again and serving justices to the person who s harm to the victim (Turvey, 2014, pp. 1 and 25). There few criminologists that came up with their own different types of victims. They are Hans Von Hentig, Benjamin Mendelsohn, Stephen Schafer, Ph.D., Marvin E. Wolfgang,

02/07/2014, the Woolwich Crown Court case for the accusations of theft of a garden gazebo, that got said to have got stolen from; Bianca Road from the day of my friends Birthday party, on this day the trial took place that had been set and I got Found Not Guilty, before the trial even managed to start.

The article explores issues regarding the psychology of blame to “norm violators” in cases of rape or sexual assault. It highlights a research focusing on cases that represent exceptions to standard models of blame such as the Path Model of Blame. It explores the Path Model of Blame in accordance to the phenomenon of victim blaming. The path model “outlines the routes to blame from event detection onward and includes judgments of agent causality and intentionality as well as finer distinctions involving consideration of the agent’s reasons, obligations, and capacity to act in relation to the event.”

Criminology is more on the study of the crime itself, the study of criminal behavior and to the study of why criminal commit the crime and what the reasons behind committing the crime. Victimology is the study of the relationship between the victims and the criminals, to the interactions between the victims and the criminal justice system, and to the, social and how it deals with crime victims(Daigle,2012).