The Case Of Major Depressive Disorder

Major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental disorders, with a 12-month prevalence of 6.7% of adults in the United States (NIMH). There is no definite etiology of depression, but several risk factors have been identified. Functional and structural changes in the brain have also been explored. The most common treatment for depression is the use of drugs that act on monoamine transmitters, including norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. Decreases in these transmitters, especially serotonin, were hypothesized to play an important role in the cause of depression (Breedlove & Watson, 2013). The serotonin hypothesis led to the development of selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which increase the amount of serotonin in the brain. Further research suggests that the serotonin hypothesis is not entirely accurate and the neurobiology of depression is much more complex. The “chemical imbalance” explanation of depression may not reflect the full range of causes and may be given greater credibility by patients and doctors than is supported by evidence based research.

Mental disorder is a common term to refer people’s mental health conditions in Canada and internationally. People who have studied Hamlet, a play that’s written by William Shakespeare, know that Ophelia is one of the characters who suffer from a mental disorder, which known as major depressive disorder. At the beginning of the play, Ophelia’s mental state is very healthy, she falls in love with her boyfriend Hamlet, yet their relationship is controlled by her father. During the play, Ophelia experiences a transformation of her mindset, which causes by Hamlet. As the play closer to the end, the death of Polonius, father of Ophelia, makes Ophelia’s mental becomes more unstable, which leads her to suicide at the end. Thus, due to all the unhappy events that happen to Ophelia’s life all at once, the psychological harms slowly turn Ophelia becomes insane and eventually brings her to death.

d. A nurse gives a PRN dose of an antipsychotic drug to a patient to prevent violent acting out because

In an attempt to better understand depression in today’s youth, I have chosen to explore the depths of Major Depressive Disorder and how it affects the young people in our society. Depression amongst school age children and adolescents are the primary focus. The prevalence, adversities, and treatment of the depression are discussed as well. After exploring these few facets of the disorder, I will talk briefly about the Ecological Model developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner and Morris in 1998 that is used by counselors to help evaluate and assess the children who are referred by teachers or medical

The following essay is a case study of a client named John who is suffering from major depression and was sent to see me for treatment by his concerned wife. I will provide brief background information about John then further discuss interventions and strategies I believe can be applied in each session with my client in order to make John's life more manageable. In the essay, I will be writing as the therapist, and the sessions are based on a ten week period.

According to the The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013); Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a medical illness that affects how you feel, think and behave producing persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest in formerly enjoyed activities. Depression can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems. It is a chronic illness that is usually characterized by episodes of remission and episodes of relapses. (APA, 2013) Antidepressant medications are effective in treating depression, but not all people with MDD, can attain remission for long periods of time and fewer will completely recover with antidepressants alone. According to Hollon et al. (2014)

According to the DSM-5, to meet criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD), it is required that single or recurrent major depressive episodes (MDE) are present without mania and hypomania. To diagnose a patient for MDE, there must be presence of five symptoms, such as persistent low mood, insomnia or hypersomnia, anhedonia, more than 5% increment or decrement in total body weight over a month, inconclusiveness, suicidal thoughts, hypo or hyper motor activity, for at least 2 weeks for most part of the day. Furthermore, one of these five symptoms must be depressed mood or anhedonia. In DSM-5, the MDD diagnosis can be divided into 14 subcategories based on the severe depression specifiers, such as depression with psychotic features, with melancholic features, and with catatonic features (Uher, Payne, Pavlova, & Perlis, 2014). Major depression can persist for months or even years. Persistent depression can lead to other physical and mental health problems, such as substance abuse, suicidal ideations and catatonic behaviours. A patient with major depression can be treated using different treatment methods, such as pharmacological, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), group therapy, interpersonal therapy and Electroconvulsive therapy. Each treatment benefits a patient struggling with depression in a different way depending on a patient’s compliance and social support. In this paper, I am going to present ECT as an effective method to decrease the symptoms related to depression,

Discuss what the pattern of clinical scales on the PAI might look like for someone who has a primary diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder. Give a rationale for why you expect high or low scores on certain scales or subscales. (~1-2 paragraphs 8 points)

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common mental illnesses around the world. It is estimated that over 120 million people suffer from depression and it can be recognised in people as having episodes of low mood and a loss of interest in activities. MDD is a very disabling mental illness and highly costly in society. It is also referred to as clinical depression and it affects how you feel, think and behave. As a result it can lead to various emotional and physical problems (Cowen, Sharp, & Lau, 2013).

Nearly 1 in 5 people will experience a major depressive episode at some point in their lives (Zhang, Li, Sha, & Bu, 2015). Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a widespread problem that can affect anyone regardless of gender or age. MDD is one of the most common mental illnesses (with an estimated lifetime prevalence of 16.6%) and is associated with significant impairments in social, occupational, and educational functioning (Synder, 2013). Depression causes problems in a person’s everyday life. There are various treatment models that been found to help in the treatment and cure of depression. The two most commonly used are psychotherapy and medicinal therapy. Psychotherapy comprises of cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy,

Client “B” has struggled with major depression for over 30 years- unable to work, poor hygiene,

When I was nine I went to a therapist for the first time, my diagnosis was not what I expected.

Major Depressive Disorder seems like an accurate diagnosis for this patient. This patient has been through a lot of things emotionally and has not sought out the help of a professional to help her deal with what has happened to her. She went from one traumatatic experience to another and had nowhere to turn for support. She went from a possible sexual assult in college, to having to stay in a psychartic ward, to now having to go through a divorce. This patient seems to be very fragile and does not even make reference to anything in the future. Those who suffer from MDD experience everything that the patient expressed from feeling hopeless, lack of appatiate, and irregular sleep patterns. As a professional after a patient trys to cope with

After Susan meets with her primary care physician, she was referred to a Rheumatologist for an official diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder with a comorbid Physical Illness of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). After discussing the possible treatment options, the patient and physician created a treatment plan that best suits Susan’s needs and to enhance her quality of life. To best manage her depression symptoms a treatment plan using the therapeutic approach and treatment management is put in place this consists of a combination of pharmacotherapy (medication), such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and behavioral therapy for reduction of stress in the body (Slavich & Irwin, 2014). Behavioral therapy is talk therapy with a qualified therapist

According to my analysis, it is evident the client has a depressive disorder. I decided on diagnosing Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) because he met criteria A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H. However, I considered a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder because in the beginning of the interview, the client stated his symptoms manifested about “3 weeks” after “losing” his job. During the latter part of the interview, the client revealed his symptoms manifested years ago, but losing his job is “the straw that broke the camel’s back.” Therefore, I find the client meets the criteria for Persistent Depressive Disorder.