The Case Of Rosa Parks And The Montgomery Bus Boycott

According to Joel Spring in the Deculturalization and the Struggle for Equality, it was a big mistake for the U.S. Supreme Court to declare the segregation of schools constitutional. Under the segregation laws, many minor students struggled to receive a good education. The southern state governments passed the laws around the federal laws to restrict the educational rights of all minor students. When the U.S. Supreme Court tried to end the segregation, the nation faced the resistance from the segregationists. The segregation of school was not over until the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In addition, the courts ruled that the Brown vs. Board of Education decision apply to all school in U.S.

(Lucas 31). Most white students didn’t pay attention to them, but others bullied them. (Lucas 32). Minnijean Brown one day lost her temper, and got expelled. On Sept. 1958 the supreme court ruled that all Little Rock public schools would be shut down that year. The Little Rock Nine received International Acclaim for their courage.Ernest Green was the first black student to graduate from Central high. Even though they broke a racial wall; the little rock nine didn’t bring immediate gains for civil rights. (Benson 2).

In 1945, the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was brought to the Supreme Court. Thurgood Marshall, the lawyer who represented the African Americans, won the case. The Supreme Court ruled that segregation in schools was unconstitutional. Although these decisions were established, some schools in the South still did not allow African Americans into their schools. A plan was made by the Little Rock, Arkansas school board to gradually integrate the schools (2, page 1). There were two pro-segregation groups that assembled to protest against the plan. These groups were the Capital Citizens Council and the Mother’s League of Central High School. Even though this opposition took place, nine African American students registered at the Arkansas Central High School for the very first time in

The Little Rock Nine were a group of nine black students who enrolled at formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in September 1957. Their attendance at the school was a test of Brown v. Board of Education, a landmark 1954 Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional. On September 4, 1957, the first day of classes at Central High, Governor Orval Faubus called in the Arkansas National Guard to block the black students’ entry into the high school. Later that month, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent in federal troops to escort the Little Rock Nine into the school.

The Montgomery Bus Boycott began with the public arrest of an African American woman and civil rights activist named Rosa Parks. As stated in Document A,”Rosa Parks boarded a city bus and sat down in the closest seat. It was one of the first rows of the section where blacks were not supposed to sit… The bus driver told Rosa Parks that she would have to give up her seat to a white person. She refused and was arrested.” Rosa’s arrest sparked a number of radical events that fought against racial inequality and segregation over the span of thirteen months. The Montgomery Bus Boycott was successful because it led to the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that racial segregation among public transportation (especially buses) was unconstitutional. The Montgomery

The iconic Washington DC march for jobs and freedom was held on august 28 1963. This march attracted

A group of nine students; known as ‘The Little Rock Nine’, enrolled in the Central High School in Little Rock during the summer of 1957 to begin classes effective that September. After the Little Rock Crisis the students were initially forbidden to enter the segregated school by the governor, Orval Faubus. Once President Eisenhower stepped in, the students felt safer and wanted to attend class. The students were: Ernest Green, Elizabeth Eckford, Jefferson Thomas, Terrence Roberts, Carlotta Walls LaNier, Minnijean Brown, Gloria Ray Karlmark, Thelma Mothershed and Melba Pattillo Beals. These young men and women known as ‘The Little Rock Nine’ walked out of Central High School due to the segregation and not feeling safe while walking the halls. Even though they were under the protection of the 101st Airborne Division (and then later the Arkansas National Guard), they left the school in hopes that their silent protests would be heard. With what the students went through and how severe the harassment was, being called names, spat on, acid being thrown in their eyes, trying to be lit on fire, beat up, etc; president Eisenhower knew his

In December of 1955, Rosa Parks sat in the front of the bus and refused to give up her seat to a white male. She was later arrested and put in jail. This caused the black people of Montgomery to initiate a boycott, the refusal to use the services of the bus company. They did this in order to gain

“Jim Crow” laws dictated that a black person must surrender their seat to a white person if there were no other seats available, and stand at the back of the bus. In December 1955; Rosa Parks refused to do this, and was arrested and fined $10. Her friends and family, led by Martin Luther King (who would later become leader of the Civil Rights Movement), immediately started a twenty-four hour bus boycott in response, and found it so successful that it was decided they would continue until the bus company agreed to seat customers on a first-come basis. Many black people became involved with the boycott, and as black passengers made up 75% of the bus company’s business it proved to be enormously damaging. The boycott attracted more black people to the civil rights movement.

The 1950s and early 1960s brought several major events in the fight for the civil rights of African-Americans. In 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for not giving up her seat on the bus to a white passenger. This sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott which lasted for over a year and brought Martin Luther King, Jr. to the front of the movement. King led a number of non-violent protests including the Birmingham Campaign and the March on

When Rosa was in jail she called Nixon who was a prominent black leader for help. Nixon bailed her out of jail and helped her build a case against segregation. Rosa Parks being kicked of the bus and going to jail caused other blacks in surrounding areas to boycott the buses. This boycott took place on December 5,1955 and lasted until December 20, 1955. Pastor Martin Luther King Jr was the leader of this boycott (Montgomery Bus Boycott). The whites didn't like the fact that the blacks were boycotting the buses because 66% of their funds came from the black

According to The Martin Luther King Jr. Research and Education Institute, after the arrest of Rosa Parks in 1955, a bus boycott was ignited which lasted a period of thirteen months. The Martin Luther King Jr. Research and Education Institute noted that Rosa Parks was not the only person to challenge segregation laws, her arrest however, pushed the Women’s Political Council to call a one day protest of the city’s buses on December 5 1955, which was publicized and retrieved 90% of Montgomery’s black citizens to support. The bus boycott continued which resulted in black residents staying off the buses for the entire year of 1956. (The Martin Luther King Jr. Research and Education Institute)

The Montgomery Bus Boycott was one of the first major protests for Martin Luther King Jr. It originally started with a young girl named Claudette Colvin who didn't give up her seat on the bus for a white man. But, there was more of an impact when Rosa Parks did the same thing some months later. As the bus came to more of its stops the white section of the bus was full and the bus driver asked Rosa to stand so they could sit. When she didn’t move she was arrested. “On the night that Rosa Parks was arrested, E.D. Nixon, head of the local NAACP chapter met with Martin Luther King Jr. and other local civil rights leaders to plan a citywide bus boycott.” (Martin Luther King Jr. Biography) The NAACP all agreed that Martin should lead the boycott

"The only tired I was, was tired of giving in." Says Rosa Parks. In 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat, leading to her arrest. Sparked by said arrest, the Montgomery Bus Boycott started and didn't stop until bus segregation was declared unconstitutional in 1956. I believe that a hero should make an impact on peoples lives. I believe that Rosa Parks made a strong impact on peoples lives because she is brave, tenacious, and has integrity. Rosa is a hero because she shows great bravery. Despite the rules, she stayed seated knowing that she could be severely punished for not moving seats. To be brave, you have to be ready to face and endure danger or pain, without showing fear. She did not fear her punishment, she accepted it. She knew

Rosa Parks in one woman in history who will never be forgotten for what she did for the African Americans on the day of December 1, 1955. On Rosa’s way home from work, she decided she would ride the bus to her house. After paying and sitting down in the “colored” section of the bus, Rosa Parks and two other men were told by the bus driver, James Blake, to get up so that three white men, who did not have a seat, could take their spots. The two African American men got up, but Rosa Parks disobeyed what the driver told her and instead stayed in her seat until she got home. She was later arrested and was taken to trial. After getting out of jail, Rosa was charged with “violation of segregation law of Montgomery.” On December 4, 1955, the Montgomery Bus Boycott Spread around towns, churches, and newspapers. This led many African Americans to fight for their rights and equal opportunities. According to Tejvan Pettinger, the biggest mass movement against racial segregation started after Rosa’s arrest became