The Catania ™ Coronary Stent System

The blood vessel that Dr. Eltahawy was concerned about was thin and looked as though it would collapse in on itself. First, Dr. Eltahawy tried a balloon catheter. At the top of the catheter was a small balloon that could inflate to maintain a shape or structure of a blood vessel. However, because the blood vessel was so thin, the balloon catheter was not very effective. Instead, Dr. Eltahawy installed a stent. A stent is a wire mesh tube. It is placed in a blood vessel permanently to maintain the shape of the vessel and to allow for the free flow of blood. Throughout this entire independent study, I realize that shadowing in the medical field is less about learning about medicine and more about discovering about whether becoming a doctor is the right step. This independent study has been a step in the right

1). Chest X-ray was normal. Initial laboratory studies were remarkable for white blood cells count of 12.1K, a creatine kinase MB fraction of < 3 mm was associated with significant reductions in restenosis and the rate of target vessel revascularization19. In SES-SMART trial patients were randomly assigned to receive a Sirolimus-eluting or bare-metal stent in small coronary artery. Sirolimus stent was associated with significant reductions in the rates of angiographic restenosis (primary outcome), target lesion revascularization and MI at 8 months20. The composite clinical endpoint ( death, non-fatal MI, ischemia- driven target lesion revascularization, and cerebrovascular accidents) was significantly lower with the sirolimus-eluting stent21. In the TAXUS V trial, in the subset of patients with small coronary arteries, the paclitaxel stent was associated with significant reductions in angiographic restenosis and target lesion revascularization at nine months compared to bare metal stents22. Although DES improves target lesion revascularization rates compared to bare-metal stents in small vessels, the absolute rates are still higher in small vessels than large

Fibrinolytic therapy uses drugs to break up blood clots. This therapy is used with heart attack patients to remove the blockage that caused the myocardial infarction. Another treatment option is percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). PCI involves the placement of a catheter into the blocked artery to allow blood to flow. The purpose of this paper is to examine the outcomes of these two procedures and to suggest that percutaneous coronary intervention is superior to fibrinolytic therapy.

Stent devices were invented in the 1980s and refined in the 1990s. Stenting techniques have transformed and expanded the therapeutic capabilities of angioplasty. There are two classification for stents based on their mode of deployment balloon-expandable and self-expandable. Stents are small mesh tubes which inserted to keep arteries open after angioplasty procedure. Drug -eluting stents have a polymer coating over mesh. This Polymer coatings have been proven to be durable and deliver drug in a uniform and controlled way ( White, Hollier 2007).

Some lifestyle-related conditions and decisions increase the likelihood of a person having heart disease. Some examples are diabetes, overweight and obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity and excessive consumption of alcohol. High blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (BAD) cholesterol, and smoking are key risk factors for heart disease. LBD is considered to be "bad" cholesterol because having high levels can lead to accumulation in the arteries, which can cause heart disease and stroke. If you lower your blood pressure and cholesterol, and if you do not smoke, you will reduce your chances of having heart disease. Now, in case of emergency, angioplasty which is the best treatment needs to get done. In this case we need to kake in consideration that not all hospitals are capable to made the process, so we need to be aware of our options. After the angioplasty you should take a daily medication, which will help your heart adapt to the implanted stents and they will not close again, a phenomenon known as restenosis, his medication should not be forgotten any day in order to minimize future

To diagnose a coronary artery disease (CAD) the doctor will use a coronary angiogram procedure to find the percentage of blockage or narrow in arteries, the angiogram results will help the doctor to decide a decision on patient treatment depends on the percentage of blockage on coronary artery, age, weight, and whether patients have other medical conditions, like diabetes . In cases with obstructive average a 50% or slightly more are treated by medications and Balloon angioplasty, but what about the cases with more than one artery completely blockage or the medication and stent do not help them? The doctor will choose a coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) to restore blood flow in the heart, CABG is a surgery done through replacement

The patient major symptom of chest pain, accompanied by SOB and diaphoresis prompted him to seek help in the emergency room (ER). He had this similar symptoms that eased up with rest for the past six months. However, in the past four days the symptoms became severe and unbearable. The patient returns to the hospital for follow up visit regarding the stent placement and review of risk factors associated with angina. The patient is still apprehensive of experiencing another episode of angina.

One of the leading causes of death for men and women in the United States can be attributed to Coronary Artery Disease. In the medical world, treatments are ever-changing and improving the chance of survival from this disease. One such treatment, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) with stent placement, is now used in more than 80% of CAD cases with an exceedingly high success rate (http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/161446-overview). With any procedure, there is a number of tools at the doctor’s fingertips, and a new experimental technology in the stent world has risen with temporary bio-absorbable stents. The following document will briefly explain the procedure and their use in percutaneous coronary intervention.

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, and diagnosis and treatment can involve invasive procedures including coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In several European countries and Asia the majority of heart catheterizations are performed using transradial artery access (TRA); however, in the United States, the transfemoral artery approach remains the preferred method for coronary angiography and PCI. The purpose of this paper is to review the current literature and discuss the use of TRA for PCI including the history of TRA, comparisons of many important aspects of TRA with the tradition femoral approach, and discuss recommendations and future implications for use of TRA in the

A few of stents are the Leo, Enterprise, and the Solitaire AB Stent. Leo stents are retrievable but they are prone to shift when they are in mid release state (Cui, Y., Xu, H., Liu, H., & Wang, Y. (2015). Enterprise stents can only be recovered once, and it’s only when they haven’t been released over 70 percent. The Solitaire AB Stent can be recovered a number of times. This is the main advantage of the Solitaire AB stent over other stents. The release technique is also different with the Solitaire AB stent. The stent is released from distal end and only after the position is determined; it also has a single open end which is different than the Leo and

To perform a cardiac catheterization the cardiologist will insert a sheath, or a short tube usually into the femoral artery. A long very thin catheter will then be fed through the sheath and guided through the arteries until it is in the heart and coronary arteries. The physician uses fluoroscopy equipment to guide the catheter into the coronary arteries. To allow for clear viewing of the coronary arteries, contrast material is injected into the catheter. As the contrast material flows through the heart chambers and coronary arteries x-rays are taken. The

This paper will critically analyse postoperative complications that can occur to patients within eight hours post femoral coronary angioplasty with stent placement, also known as a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (Ludman 2014, p. 520). This paper will explore

The study hoped to find an acceptable correlation with abnormal or normal Doppler ultrasound and venography. The results were not sufficient to determine that Doppler ultrasound alone was an adequate tool to determine stent malfunction consistently. Future objectives are for non-invasive Doppler testing to be sensitive and reproducible enough to detect early stent malfunction even before symptoms occur.29 Boyer,23 reports that Doppler ultrasound has sensitivity and specificity rates from 70%-100% in cases of stent stenosis, but it is still not ideal. Ultrasound requires a technologist and radiologist with experience and must be conducted with consistent parameters to obtain dependable results. Most of the trials recommend follow up studies including some or all of the following: venography, Doppler ultrasound combined with two-dimensional ultrasound, angiography, magnetic resonance imaging and computerized

A large proportion of cardiovascular-related deaths are caused by vascular disease, one of which is Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAA). The incidence of AAAs increases significantly with age – at a rate of over 300% higher at age 70 compared to those at the age of 50 [1][2]. Mortality rate of ruptured AAAs is about 90% [3], and one of the most fatal emergencies [3]. With the demographic shift associated with ageing population in many countries, there is a need for early intervention and minimally invasive surgery[2].

Coronary angioplasty is a nonsurgical method to treat obstructive coronary artery disease; it is performed by inserting a thin, inflatable balloon into the clogged artery before being inflated. This pushes the plaque to the artery wall, and results in the reversing of artery narrowing, allowing easier blood flow. The balloon enters the body through a cut, often from the pelvic bone, being steered by the doctor before being inflated. The surgery is usually combined with the permanent placement of a wire, mesh tube called a stent to keep open artery in hopes to decrease the chance of arterial narrowing. These stents can be drug-eluting stents, which is covered with a pharmacologic agent that prevent scar tissue from growing within or into the