The Cauchy Stress Principle

By applying both classical and strain theory to the crime problem of drug trafficking we can identify and compare their strengths to evaluate which theory is more useful in explaining this crime. Starting with Classical theory, this theory holds some strengths in relation to this crime problem, namely, it’s easy applicability/transferability and the clear definiteness of their answers. Classical theory is able to provide definite answers and solutions to drug trafficking (i.e. it was individual A who committed the crime, the law violated in response to this crime is this, and the violation of this law carries the pre-determined punishment of this) without having to apply consideration for such variables as mitigating circumstances since the

Experimental stress analysis is a method of stress and strain testing of materials, to test for behaviour changes of materials under fatigue. The first method of stress analysis used was the Strain Gauge invented by Edward E. Simmons and Arthur C. Ruge created in the late 1930s to test for earthquake stress on elevated water tanks[1]. The creation of lasers and interferometry methods in the 1960s provided the basics of digital image correlation where high-speed cameras could be used to capture behaviour changes in materials during deformation. As the years went on, advancements in imaging, laser and sound technology allowed for new innovative techniques to be used to measure strain and stress. Some of these techniques include are digitised ultrasound images, non-linear least squares and robust stereo-vision system[2].

Exploring the role of negative emotions among murderers in a population of federal offenders: the General Strain Theory

Despite criminology theories claiming that they are gender and race neutral we still see disparities in incarceration rates on a racial divide. Why do we see rising rates incarceration rates in Hispanics and African Americans representing over 50% of those rates? Is there a theory out there than can explain this occurrence in the criminal justice system? The intent of this paper is to explain why this disparity occurs using the General Strain Theory. I also intend to explain why Social Disorganization fails in explaining the racial gap in offending. Both of these theories encounter the issue of failing to fully explain why certain racial or ethnic groups are incarcerated more than other, however, due to empirical evidence it’s clear to see

The thesis paper, Examining Juvenile Delinquency Contributors through Life-Course and Strain Theory, written by Caitlin Burns (2013), discusses the connection between life-course theory and general strain theory as an explanation to juvenile delinquency. Her paper goes on to discuss how the presence of strain theory in a juvenile’s school environment, family environment and peer groups, leads to delinquency. Burns states that, “There are several known contributors to juvenile delinquency, but the one that has shown the most significance is an adolescent’s commitment to school and the social environment that an individual develops while in this particular atmosphere” (Burns, 2013). In Burns (2013) paper, she also indicates that a juvenile’s peer group has been proven to be a contributor to juvenile delinquency, but that a juvenile’s school environment influences what type of peers to choose.

Criminologists use the scientific method whenever possible to study crime and answer the question why crime occurs. There are various theories that explain why people engage in crime or why others are law abiding. These theories are psychological, sociological, and biological. This paper seeks to discuss the theoretical approaches to criminal behaviors using three cases. The paper will also evaluate whether developmental risk factors and correlates of criminal behavior influence criminal behavior.

Your research is almost like mines except you seek to find out the relationship between benefit/offending , while mines look to try and understand if general strain theory causes individuals to do offensive deeds.

Despite Differential Association being a better predictor for youth crime than the Labelling Theory, the acquisition of new counteracting behaviours can override delinquent behaviours possibly arising from rehabilitating means. Additionally, data that supports Differential Association is often based on self-reports by adolescents and this can often skew results. This is because individuals, especially young people, may not have an accurate judgement of what is classified as deviancy, thus either over or under exaggerating the level of illegal behaviour among their peers (Crosnoe, Dornsbusch and Erickson, 2000). Similarly, unlike The General Strain Theory, this model of youth crime lacks the ability to be tested and to predict whether an individual

Moving forward with the General Strain Theory, Robert Agnew, in collaboration Timothy Brezina, John P. Wright and Francis T. Cullen aimed to examine the relation between personality traits, such as negative emotionality and low constraint, strain and delinquency (2002). The researchers hypothesized that "individuals high in negative emotionality are much more likely than are others to experience events as aversive, ..., to experience intense emotional reactions to these events-particularly the key emotion of anger.. and to be disposed to respond to such events in an aggressive or antisocial manner" (Agnew, et al. 2002, 46). The researchers study was based on cross-sectional data from second wave of the "National Survey of Children" (Furstenberg

In contrast, there are a range of sociological theories that attempt to explain the cause of crime. One example of this is the ‘Structural Strain Theory’ developed by functionalist Robert Merton. This functionalist view states that societies are branded by both culture and social structure. Culture creates goals for people in society whilst social structure supplies (or fails to supply) the means for people to achieve those goals. In a well-integrated society people attempt to achieve these goals in an acceptable and appropriate way according to the explicit and implicit rules of that society. Therefore the goals and means in this society are balanced, however when an imbalance occurs, this is what causes deviant behaviour transpire. One paradigm that explains this theory is people who aspire to be economically successful (goal) will get a job to earn money (appropriate means of reaching that goal) and this type of person is called a conformist. However someone from a lower class who may not have the opportunity to receive a good education in order to get a job therefore they will surpass the acceptable means of reaching this goal. Therefore they are more likely to conduct deviant behaviour to reach this goal e.g. theft and this type of person is called an innovator according to Merton due to their acceptance of the cultural

One of the most known theories in sociology, known as the strain theory, refers to how individuals may commit crimes due to social structures within society. This theory, founded by Robert Merton, named this theory “strain” to emphasize the difference between culturally described goals and how easily these goals could be achieved based on if they can be attained. The five possible reactions to a goal set by society include conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion. The “American Dream” is an example of conformity because everyone wanted this specific thing so others wanted to conform to want it too. Innovation can be seen as individuals begin to do something that isn’t right to reach a goal that everyone wants (i.e. selling

Stress is a dominant factor whilst explaining the link between personality and physical health. Stress can be defined as a feeling (or response) produced by uncontrollable and threatening events (Larsen & Buss, 2010). Stress commonly results in raised blood pressure and suppression of the immune system, which significantly increases the risk of heart attack and stroke (Segal, Smith, Segal & Robinson, 2015: online). The interactional model outlines the link between stress and personality, by stating that personality influences an individual's ability to cope with stress. For example, type A's will experience more stress during the recovery process because they are impatient (Larsen & Buss, 2010). However, there are limitations with the interactional

Sociology can be looked at and studied in many different ways. Sociology is usually split into many different places so that sociologists can look at one individual group instead of everyone together. This is a society. A society is an organised group of people. Sociologists study these groups to get more accurate information.

Bailey walks into the class of US History and starts to think about the school year ahead of her. She is trying to stay positive ,but negative thoughts start to flood her mind. She is hiding behind the fake smile she puts on. Bailey starts worrying about the grades, teacher, and the state test, but her friend starts to talk to her and tell her not to worry. Stress or overthinking an issue, so little can be enormous to others. Stress is a physical and emotional factor that disturbs the body’s normal state of functioning, daily people struggle with stress everyday.

Many outside forces may bend a solid out of its original shape. The ability of a solid to return to its original form after