The Causal Fungus Of Guava Scabby In El Beheira Governorate

Thresholds similar to red-legged earth mites, crop damage a main determinate in wether control is needed.

Cryphonectria parasitica, a filamentous, ascomycete fungus, is the causal agent of the chestnut blight5,14 which was introduced to North America from Japan circa 190412,14.The chestnut blight infects all members of the Castanea family14, and some members of the genus Quercus though C. parasitica infections are superficial14. A C. parasitica infection typically begins at a branch node or wound in the tree’s bark 14. Once a spore has entered the tree, hyphal growth begins14. When the fungi’s hyphae reach the cambium, the xylem and phloem are blocked, cutting off the transport of water and nutrients and a sunken canker is formed14. Eventually, the lack of water and nutrients kills the tree above the point of infection14. As a fungus, C.

Roots and tuber crops such as potato, beet, carrot, radish, parsnip and turnip have long been staple dietary components of the people of Newfoundland and Labrador. As such, diseases that affect the production of these crops have a direct impact on both the farmers and the consumers. The common scab disease is an important disease of root and tuber crops in Newfoundland. The disease is characterised by superficial or corky-like lesions that form on the surface of the crops (Figure 1). The lesions reduce the market value of the crop leading to significant economic losses for the growers. Streptomyces bacteria found in the soil are known to be the causal organisms for the common scab disease. These include Streptomyces scabies, Streptomyces turgidiscabies and Streptomyces acidiscabies (Wharton et al. 2013). In particular, S. scabies has been well documented to

M. oryzae is an ascomycete belonging to a relatively new family, the Magnaporthaceae, which also includes pathogens of other cereals. Only the anamorphic1 state has been found in rice fields, but the teleomorph2 can be produced in culture with a pair of isolates having opposing mating types. The fungus most often presents as diamond-shaped lesions on leaves but is also found on stems, peduncles, panicles, seeds, and has even been detected on roots (TeBeest et al 2007). These diamond-shaped lesions appear with a white to gray center and brown to reddish brown borders (2016). Retrieved from http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/r682100611.html.

Furthermore, 5 DAT the inoculated larvae of both the treatments Beauveria coated groundnuts seeds and non-coated controls were collected, and was surface sterilized. Each larva collected was cut into two pieces and was inoculated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium to check fungal emergence from each insect larval piece and to determine colonization percent of B. bassiana on H. zea. in both control and Beauveria treatments. The fungus obtained from the treatments was confirmed by obtaining pure cultures from the insect pieces, and the culture obtained was confirmed by observation of cultural characteristic and microscopic observation of conidia (fig

Soil-transmitted helminths refer to the intestinal worms infecting humans that are transmitted through contaminated soil ("helminth" means parasitic worm),these infections are among the most common infections worldwide and affect the poorest and most deprived communities .it has also be noted that areas with low or no efficient sanitary means are also at high risk . Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) outline one of the most significant groups of infectious agents and are the foundation of serious global health risks. The most important STHs are roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworms (Trichuris trichiura) and hookworms (Necator americanus or Ancylostoma duodenale).

The blackleg fungus is a major disease of canola and can cause significant losses. An experiment to evaluate fungicides effect on blackleg was conducted by J.P. Damicone et. al. entitled Evaluation of fungicides and application timing on control of black leg of winter canola, 2015 at Oklahoma State University. This study involved evaluation of two fungicides, Proline and Approach, applied at different times throughout the growing season to gauge their efficacy controlling blackleg.

When firstly experienced a mango, I was surprised at the terrific flavor as well as its big size of seed. As the world is globalized on account of development of technology and transportation, even though mango is one of fruits from tropical countries, it is easily introduced to people’s table.

Many people in nowdays love consuming berries as it is known for one of the healtheirst fruits you can eat . However berries have been implicated in foodborne outbreak. Cyclospora Cayetanensis is a species of human pathogenic parasite that enter the human body and produces an intestinal infection in non-immune person. It is the parasite that is known as an emerging pathogen that causes diarrhea and, loss of appetite and it sometimes fatigue in humans. In terms of morphology, it has 7.5~10micrometers spherical oocyst that with a 50 nanometer thick wall with an outer threadlike coat. Due to small size of the parasite, the diagnosis of C.cayetanensis can be sometimes difficult to get a correct diagnosis. In humans, the habitat of Cyclospora is the enterocyte of the small intestine. So it bind to certain fresh produce to live because the produce that has fine, hair like projections lead to facilitate the entrapment of the sticky Cyclospora oocyst to the surfaces. In more specific, it is associated with the consumption of fruits, such as strawberries, raspberries, and blueberries. This species, the parasite was placed in the Cyclospora genus and named Cyclospora Cayetanensis because of the spherical shape of its sporocysts and cyanobacterium-like,coccidian-like, and clyclospora like bodies..The name was made from to the Cayetano Heredia University in Lima, Peru, where early epidemiological and taxonomic work was done. It is always important to diagnose parasites

This study represents the first attempt to characterize Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose of mango leaves in Guangxi Province, China using morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis. In the present study, morphological characteristics of the isolates agreed with the description of C. gloeosporioides, but cultural characteristics, which may be diverse due to cultural conditions, and conidial morphology cannot distinguish between species in the C. gloeosporioides complex (Weir et al. 2012). Based on morphological identification, single genes sequence analysis and the five-gene-combined phylogenetic analysis, the isolates obtained from mango in Guangxi included in this study belongs to the C. gloeosporioides

Studies predicting impact of climate change on nematode pests of crops are meager in India. Nevertheless, observations on changing infestation patterns of some important nematode pests over the years show that climate change is influencing nematode pest scenario in the country. Root-knot nematode, mMeloidogyne graminicola ( m. graminicola) once considered to be a serious pest only in upland rice, has made its importance felt in almost alll most the rice growing areas and in all types of rice culture, including hill ecosystems in recent years (Prasad and Somasekhar, 2009). Climate change resulting in reduced water availability, higher temperatures, frequency of droughts together with introduction of new water saving methods of rice cultivation, such as Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) ,System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and aerobic

Green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is one of the most important pulse crop of the arid and semiarid tropics (Chen et al., 1987). It is an excellent source of easily digestible protein. Several factors are responsible for low production of Green gram. Among them, diseases play an important role (Nene, 1980; Pal, 1996). Many fungal pathogens, some of which are seed transmitted, often reduce the germination ability or kill the infected plants or substantially reduce the productive capacity. However,

Root-rot caused by M. phaseolina (a soil as well as seed-borne fungus) is a devastating disease of mungbean and causes serious yield losses. The present study has demonstrated that the fungus induced severe root-rot in mungbean cv. T-44 and exhibited significant decline in the plant growth and yield. This has verified that the tested mungbean cv. T-44 was susceptible to the root-rot fungus. Rotting of tap root and presence of few lateral roots is the characteristic symptom of the disease. Because of few lateral roots and root hairs, drying and withering of leaves occurs due to less water absorption. During the initial stages of pathogenesis, the fungal hyphae penetrates the root epidermis which is restricted to the intercellular spaces of the cortical tissues of the primary roots. Due to this, collapse of adjacent cells occurs and heavily infected plantlets may die. Afterwards at the onset of flower, the mycelium grow intracellularly through the xylem and plug the vessels [28, 29], produce toxins and several enzymes [30, 31], and thereby disrupt host cells. Inoculation with M. phaseolina decreased the growth and yield of mungbean by 32.1-45.5% and 36%, respectively.

was identified early in 1959 by Elarosi and Assawah as the causal of zinnia powdery mildew in Alexandria region. The occurrence and dominance of the conidial stage of Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. Ex Merat as the cause of zinnia powdery mildew has emerged from studies performed by El-Kot and Hegazi (2008); Hegazi and El-Kot (2010a and 2010b). The pathogen attacks all plant parts above the soil surface resulting in the appearance of powdery mildew symptoms which reduce production levels, marketability and profitability of the cut flower production by weakening the plant growth and reducing flowering (Kamp, 1985; El-Kot and Hegazi, 2008; Hegazi and El-Kot, 2010a and 2010b and Dixon, 2012).

As of 28th of May, 2015, the shares of Nestle were down by 15 percent from Rs 7,038.65 to Rs 6,010.80. The economic ramifications of the ban on Maggi impacted the entire the instant noodle industry due to increased levels of caution amongst the consumers. It led to HUL and Indo-Nissin Foods to take down their Knorr and Top-Ramen brands from the market. As per Brand Finance, due to the controversy surrounding Maggi, there has been a $200 million dollar brand value erosion for Nestle from $2.4 billion to $2.2 billion. The instant noodle sales in India have reduced by 90% from 350 crore to 30 crore within a month after the