The Causative Bacterial Agent For Lyme Disease

A person can acquire Lyme disease by the bite of an infected tick. This disease is transmitted by deer ticks or black-legged ticks. Ticks are tiny in size and as their bite is painless, people might not even realize that they have been bitten. Once an infected tick attaches itself to the skin, it is able to transmit the bacteria. This bacteria eventually ends up in the bloodstream. The duration of attachment necessary to transfer

also ended up dying and no treatment was given to infected adults and children. The primary document

I chose to do my research paper on Lyme disease. During my research, I found a lot of interesting facts about Lyme disease. The disease is caused by bacteria, called Borrelia burgdorferi, which is only transmitted to humans when they are bitten by an infected tick. Lyme disease was first discovered in 1975, in Lyme, Connecticut, after a group of children were diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. This eventually led them to discover the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi. The disease was given its name in 1982, after the town of Lyme, Connecticut. According to Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lyme disease is the most commonly reported vectorborne illness in the United States. In 2014, it was the fifth most common Nationally Notifiable disease. Lyme disease is most prevalent in the northeast and upper Midwest.

Lyme disease is transmitted to humans from a natural reservoir (rodents and deer) by ticks that feed on both sets of hosts. Most infections are caused by ticks in the nymphal stage. Ticks in this stage

Most Lyme disease cases are very serious. The disease creates symptoms that are similar to the flu. When you first catch the disease you may experience fever, chills, sweats, muscle aches, fatigue, nausea and general pain. Very rarely, Lyme disease may be fatal depending on which strain of the disease you caught.

Lyme is a disease that is transmitted through the bite of a tick. "It is caused by a spirochete – which is a corkscrew shaped bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi" (About Lyme Disease. 2017). (Show Photo)

Unfortunately, people around the world struggle with deadly and rare diseases. From the outside looking in, these deadly and horrific diseases appear as something minor and easy to conquer. However, people everyday die from lack of resources and their inability to cope with the pain that these disease come with. The presentation Tick Tock discussed the horrific infection of lyme disease. Lyme disease is a bacterial infection transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected blacklegged tick on the west coast and on the east coast by ixodes ticks. The ticks infect the human with a bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi. It is a corkscrew shaped bacterium. Ticks usually attach to the armpit, groin, or scalp. Lyme disease is found throughout the United States and sixty other countries. Most people get lyme disease from a tiny, immature form

Lyme disease begins with a bite from an infected tick. It is the most common tick-borne disease within the United States (Wadsworth Center, n.d.). The causative agent of Lyme disease is Borrelia burgdorferi. This pathogen is a spirochete with endoflagella, an outer membrane with LPS-like substance, an inner membrane and a periplasmic space which contains a layer of peptidoglycan (Tilly, Rosa, Stewart, 2009).

Lyme disease is a bacterial infection caused by a spirochete, a corkscrew-shaped bacterium called Borrelia burgodorferi. Lyme disease is primarily transmitted through tick bites, there has been no reported cases of human to human transfer of Lyme disease. Ixodes ticks, also known as deer ticks are the typical carriers of the Lyme disease. The ticks can most primarily be found in wooded and grassy areas. Due to the fact these ticks are only the size of a poppy seed they usually go undetected when they bite. Once the tick is attached to the skin it can feed for several days; the longer the tick is attached the more likely Lyme disease will be transmitted. Lyme disease can affect any organ of the body including the brain, nervous system, muscles, joints, and even the heart. In some cases, if a pregnant woman develops Lyme disease it can pass on to the unborn child and in some cases stillbirth has occurred due to the disease.

The disease had many different causes, some of which were the Yersinia Pestis bacterium which was

Physicians in Canada have not been properly exposed to the symptoms of clinical Lyme disease; therefore it has become difficult to diagnose a patient with clinical Lyme disease. Professional organizations, such as International Lyme and associated disease society, and Lyme literate medical doctors, have acknowledged the uncommonness of Lyme disease in Canada (Magnotta, 2015). Canada has been highlighted with concerns of misdiagnosis and the increased cost in public health care. The lack of research and resources in Canada, have caused physicians to dismiss the clinical symptoms of Lyme disease, and diagnose patients with a variety of other illnesses, such as fibromyalgia, chronic Fatigue syndrome, to name a few, or something less substantial such as increased anxiety or stress (Magnotta, 2015). A case study presented in Hospital News has recognized that the rarity of symptoms requires hospitals and clinics to do excessive amounts of testing and the patient is sent to different specialists. These chronic illnesses are associated with bacteria, but the Canadian health system needs to recognize that the underlying diagnoses are infections, where Lyme disease

Yale scientist Allen Steere is credited as being the first to recognize, name, characterize and treat the affliction that became known as Lyme Disease. The disease was named after the town of Old Lyme, Connecticut, where an outbreak of arthritis and juvenile arthritis led two women to seek assistance of medical professionals. Steere was particularly interested in rheumatology. Once he learned about multiple cases of affected patients displaying similar symptoms to those of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, he immediately questioned the diagnosis. He decided to conduct a phone survey among other young affected patients. Upon collecting data, he noticed that these symptoms were also accompanied by a red circular rash. He concluded that the above health issue was caused by an infectious agent (Yannielli & Alcamo, 2004, p. 18). Since the city of Old Lyme was established near the Connecticut River, Steere, along with other scientists, initially suspected that the drinking water might have contained an infectious agent. However, he soon realized that his hypothesis was not true, since not every member of a family was experiencing the symptoms. Further research found that most cases occurred between spring and summer. He later recalled that some patients reported a tick attachment prior to the

Lyme Disease is a bacterial infection primarily transmitted by lxodes ticks or deer ticks. The disease is caused by a bacterium called Borrelia burgdoferi. Lyme is named “The Great Imitator,” as its symptoms mimic other disease that affect the brain and nervous system, muscles and joints, and the heart.

What is the first thing you think of when you hear Lyme disease? I asked my brother, just for fun, to see what his response would be, and his response was too good not to share. He said “Yeah, Lyme disease is when limes turn gross.” I can’t make this up! Sorry, Landon, not quite. Lyme disease is a rather increasing epidemic, not only in Iowa but also in great numbers on the east coast states. Throughout this paper, I will be discussing what Lyme disease is, the microbiology of Lyme disease, how one can get it, the typical signs and symptoms, typical treatments, and some epidemiology of this bacterial infection.

While others, were only effected by direct contact. It was thought to have been sustainable by even touching clothing or other such items of the infected. Conditions of the fourteenth century were also a contributing factor. Famine had been an arising issue due to the number of overpopulation. Because of this, their immune systems began to weaken. “Europeans were susceptible to disease because many people lived in crowded surroundings in an era when personal hygiene was not considered important” (Dowling). The cities were unsanitary and littered with germs, making it easier to sustain such diseases. Unhealthy habits were conducted and medical advances had not yet been made. Doctors themselves had not known what to advise. No prescriptions had worked. There was no cure to what was happening. Most were not even aware of what was impending upon them. Anything that could would be tried, in hopes of living. People were becoming desperate.