The Causes And Effect Of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer affects one in every nine women in Britain, 45,000 women every year are diagnosed with it in some form or stage of development. Life style and cognitive interventions, i.e. counselling and psychotherapy can play an important part in how the patient deals with cancer in their lives and how they recover.

We have all seen the pink ribbons. They have become a national, if not international symbol for breast cancer support and awareness. Breast cancer knows neither racial boundaries nor age restrictions. Females of all ages and ethnicities can develop breast cancer and it is the leading most common cancer among women. Calling attention to this often fatal disease is important by supporting its victims, families and friends of victims, as well as raising funds for breast cancer research. Though males are not immune from developing a breast cancer, for the purposes of this paper, this paper will be limited to information relating breast cancer in females.

The study was composed of two groups. The control group received the usual breast cancer care. The experimental group received the usual care and some additional components including four teaching sessions completed within the first month and regular follow-up calls. Intervention

Women may experience a range of emotions with the diagnosis as well as throughout the treatment as a result of breast cancer, such as: sadness, anger, fear and guilt. Therefore, it is essential to closely monitor the client for their psychosocial adjustment to the diagnosis and treatment, and identifying those that need further psychological interventions (Boehmke & Dickerson, 2006). This includes being aware of the impact the diagnosis will have on the family members and loved ones; as their support is warranted as possible caregivers during the process. Appropriate nursing diagnoses for a woman with a new verdict of breast cancer may include (but not limited to): disturbed body image related to loss of hair due to chemotherapy; fear related to the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease; and knowledge deficit of cancer treatment options and reconstructive surgery. Other diagnosis will be added and removed as the patient decides if she wants treatment; and the psychological, psychosocial, and physical changes that may affect her quality of life. For instance, after a mastectomy the patient may have a nursing diagnosis of: risk for disturbed body

Breast cancer constitutes the second most prevalent cancer most common among women of the world with an estimated 1.62 million reported cases in 2012 which constitutes 25% of all cancer cases and ranks fifth among mortality due to cancer (Ferlay et al., 2015). In the United States, according to American Cancer Society an

“When a woman first hears these four words, ‘you have breast cancer,’ her first thought are usually, ‘will I be strong enough to fight this disease?’ Once she learns that she will survive, thoughts about how she will confront drastic physical changes resulting from mastectomy and chemo are soon to follow.” (www.guide2breastcancer.com).

Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy in women in the United States, and is the leading cause of death in women between 45 and 64 years of age. About one in eight women in the United States will develop invasive breast cancer during their lifetime. There are many different types of breast cancer, different stages and different variations of the disease but I am going to focus on Malignant Breast Cancer. In the United States alone, more than 230,480 new cases of invasive cancer are diagnosed annually.

Breast cancer is a disease that is becoming more and more popular in this day of age. One in every eight women is diagnosed with breast cancer (Breast Cancer, 2010). Women and men who suffer from breast cancer not only are fighting cancer but are also fighting the psychological aspects of the disease.

In this paper I will be addressing breast cancer. Breast cancer is a form of cancer that affects the cells of the breast. This happens when cells in the breast grow abnormally. It can spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes. This cancer can affect bones, liver, and even your brain. All women and men are at risk for breast cancer. It can affect people of every age, race, and ethnic group. Between the ages of 40 and 50, African American women have a higher chance of receiving breast cancer. The ultimate impact of breast cancer is death. Breast cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in women.

Breast cancer occurs when malignant tumors develop in the breast, these cells can spread by breaking away from the original tumor and entering blood vessels or lymph vessels, which branch into tissues throughout the body. When cancer cells travel to other parts of the body and begin damaging other tissues and organs, the process is called metastasis. Breast cancer affects many individuals, however; a number of people do not have knowledge about the disease until they are affected or someone close to them is affected. In 1996, the American Cancer Society estimated that 44,300 women would die of breast cancer in the United States that year and 184,300 more will be diagnosed. This

Most people know breast cancer is a dangerous type of cancer that affects both men and women. Author Gayle Sulik of Pink Ribbon Blues: How Breast Cancer Culture Undermines Women 's Health describes breast cancer as, “abnormal cells [that] appear in the ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple) or the lobules (glands that make milk) and, more importantly, have the capacity to spread (metastasize)” (164). Breast cancer can be treated with surgeries and chemotherapy, radiation, and hormonal therapies. However, a person can still die even with treatment if the cancer metastasizes to major organs, like the brain and liver. For breast tumors and cancer to be diagnosed early, it is important to complete self-breast examinations and take the

According to Moyer (2013), “breast cancer is the most common non-skin cancer in women”; this makes breast cancer a relevant topic due to its impact among the female population (p.698). To put a number to how many women breast cancer is estimated to effect in America, the American Cancer Society (2014) has a statistics stating that “every year over 200,000 American women are diagnosed with breast cancer”. With a relatively high number of women within America being diagnosed with breast cancer it is important to gain knowledge about the disease. Not only is it important to increase our information of breast cancer, but to improve our understanding of different treatments that

To acknowledge the health beings of a women is quite scary knowing that in about 1 in 8 women in the U.S will develop breast cancer. By this year of 2016 going into 2017 there will approximately be 246,660 cases found. The 20th century is described to be the cancer century. One main cancer I wanted to talk about that has my full attention was breast cancer. The important ways of looking at breast cancer as a tremendous problem is because we are losing our women to this disease. Categorizing the main issues to give clarification for those who know of it but know little knowledge or have no knowledge. Based on the information in my research I have supporting details for the definition of breast cancer, the treatments and cures for breast cancer, how things would be different without treatments , the causes and effects, stages, the breast cancer awareness month etc. However, around the world there are a ton of women affected by Breast cancers in the United States without signs and clues they will or have the cancer.

It is common for patients to experience feelings of anxiety and sadness, due to fear of the unknown. Patients may feel distressed and overwhelmed by their breast cancer diagnosis. As a nurse, it is important to encourage patients to express their feelings and to involve patients in their care and treatment. First, helping patients to understand their diagnosis and available treatments. Educating patients about their breast cancer type, location of the cancer, and what to expect during treatment. An intervention that may help patients cope with treatment includes exercise. According to Nursing and Health Sciences, “The longer people can maintain exercise habits, the greater the overall benefits for symptom relief” ( Narophong W, Lane A, Schafer

While the completion of treatment is excitedly anticipated, many cancer survivors would still be disturbed by the emotional and physical tribulation of their breast cancer trajectory (Surbone & Peccatori, 2006). This is because, the impact of cancer remains long even after treatment ended. Besides the common issues that accompany any cancer diagnosis, breast cancer survivors also have to deal with exclusive concerns such as decreased sexual function, relationship issues, fears about genetic inheritability of cancer and complications from this disease such as lymphedema (Hodgkinson, Butow, Fuchs, et al., 2007). Therefore, the completion of treatment does not equate to lesser need for health care. Long term health issues related to breast cancer survivors have thus emerged as a public health concern.