The Causes And Effects Of Cellular Respiration

In cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are taken into the cells, then they are converted to carbon dioxide, water and ATP energy and some other energy. Some of the ATP energy is used in photosynthesis; a large amount of

Respiration consists of a complicated series of chemical reactions. The first step of cellar respiration, called glycolysis, takes place in the cytoplasm. The two main components are oxygen and

Cellular respiration is bioenergetic process, meaning that it is governed by enzyme activity. Referring to what was previously learned about enzymes, it is known that enzyme-substrate reactions can

Oxidation of NADH and FADH2to H2O (and NAD or FAD). Generates H ion concentration gradient and therefore ATP.

To be able to carry on metabolic processes in the cell, cells need energy. The cells can obtain their energy in different ways but the most efficient way of harvesting stored food in the cell is through cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway, which breaks down large molecules to smaller molecules, produces an energy rich molecule known as ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) and a waste product that is released as CO2.

The acetyl group from pyruvate is oxidised in a series of nine reactions; the citric acid cycle. Also known as the Krebs cycle, it is the second stage of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is a 3 stage process where organic fuel molecules are broken down, in the presence of oxygen, to harvest energy. These reactions occur in the mitochondrial matrix.

Like Photosynthesis, cellular respiration is also a redox reaction where glucose loses electrons and hydrogen atoms to produce carbon dioxide causing the glucose to become oxidized. At the same time, oxygen gains electrons and hydrogen atoms, reducing it to water.

The third and final step in cellular respiration is the electron transport chain which takes place in the inner mitochondrion membrane. This process uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP. These high-energy electrons are first passed along the electron transport chain. Every time 2 electrons travel down this chain, their energy is used to transport hydrogen ions (H+) across the membrane. These H+ ions escape through channels into an ATP synthase. This causes it to spin, transforming the ADP into ATP. On average, each pair of high-energy electrons that moves down the electron

Cellular respiration is a process that happens in all living eukaryotic cells. What cellular respiration does is turn food often carbohydrates into energy for our bodies. Cellular respiration starts with a carbohydrates sugar called glucose. What it does is alter and break down the six carbon molecule glucose and altering it creating two three carbon molecules called pyruvic acids in an anaerobic process called glycolosis (Cellular respiration). What this process does is create two ATP molecules which are basically molecules which provide energy to run all cellular processes in our bodies (king). However, from here in the process can turn aerobic, meaning using oxygen if present or anaerobic meaning when oxygen is not present in a

During these reactions energy will be released and it will be captured in molecules called NADH, ATP, and FADH2. Another turn through the krebs cycle will be needed. The original glucose molecules have been broken down. All of the six carbon atoms are combined with oxygen to form carbon dioxide. The energy has been stored in 16 energy carrier molecules called ATP, NADH, and FADH2.

Eukaryotic cells produce the chemical energy they need through the processes of either oxidative phosphorylation or photophosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation is the last step in the process of cellular respiration and accounts for nearly 90% of ATP production during cellular respiration. During stage one of cellular respiration 2 ATP molecules are broken down to provide the energy necessary to start glycolysis. Each glucose molecule is broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules and 4 ATPs are formed. A net gain of two ATPs is realized. In stage two the pyruvate molecules enter into the mitochondrion of the cell. The pyruvate molecules are oxidized into the compound acetyl CoA. In stage three, the acetyl CoA passes into citric acid cycle (Krebs

NAD+ is also known as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and it is positively ionized and transports the electrons to different reaction points. NAD+ is an electron carrier. Glucose has to be oxidized but it can’t happen all at once so it is done in steps. During major steps, the electrons are striped from glucose. The electrons get transferred to NAD+. NAD+ becomes reduced to NADH.

The Krebs cycle is a series of reactions which occur in the mitochondria and results in the formation of ATP and other molecules which undergo farther reactions to form more ATP. Cellular respiration can be divided into four sequences. The first sequence is glycolysis, its breaks down one molecule glucose into two molecules pyruyate. Transition takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and it’s referred to the beginning of aerobic respiration. The process takes place if there is enough amounts of oxygen in the mitochondria. However if there is insufficient oxygen in the mitochondria it could result into fermentation. Transition Reactions take place in the pyruvate molecule. In transition reactions two hydrogen electrons and one carbon

In storing energy for a cell during cellular respiration, the NAD molecule can exist in either an oxidized or a reduced

The products of glycolysis are a small amount of ATP, and pyruvate which is a 3C molecule. The pyruvate enters the mitochondria through the membrane and moves into the matrix. Oxygen must be present for the pyruvate to move into the mitochondria. Pyruvate become decorboxlyted and the CO2 is removed from the cell as a by-product of respiration. It also releases H2. The H2 then attaches to NAD to form 8 molecules NADH2.