The Causes And Effects Of Indirect Rule In Nigeria

Nigeria is one of the African countries that is responding to Western pressures to make its states acquire a liberal and democratic culture. Over the years, Nigeria has practiced what can be described as fraudulent democracy. This democracy has been characterized by obnoxious acts such as indiscriminately using money and by very powerful and influential members of the elite class, popularly called ‚political godfathers,’ imposing political leaders on the people. This situation has already become a culture in Nigeria because many politicians who want to contest and win elections always look for such persons to support them. This means that they no longer depend on the electorates to win elections, but instead rely on the political godfathers. This political culture was truncated in the 2007 gubernatorial election in Edo state, Nigeria. This paper examines how the problem of money politics and political godfatherism can be eliminated from Nigeria’s politics in order to strengthen democratic governance in the country. The methodology of the study is essentially analytical and based on lessons from

Nigeria is one of the most densely populated countries in all of Africa. However, according to Freedom House, Nigeria is only partly free. This is for several reasons. Firstly, from a historical point of view, colonialism had a very bad effect on Africa. Many will argue that colonialism left Africa with only one practical skill and that is education. Other than education, colonialism left Africa with no other practical skills because it left them independent on others for survival. They had no opportunity to advance because they never had the tools. According to Walter Rodney, the author of How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, European capitalists failed to create a working class and to spread industrial skills throughout Africa (Rodney, 1997). European colonists failed to teach practical skills to Africans to keep them subservient. This is evident when Walter Rodney states, “the vast majority of Africans went into colonialism with a hoe and came out with a hoe” (Rodney, 1997, p. 591). Nigeria also has a few social factors that are an impediment to their political progress. In the recent decades, the rise of terrorism has been threatening their way of life. The dominant terrorist group in Nigeria is Boko Haram. Boko Haram has been an ongoing threat to the government and people they believe should be persecuted. According to Freedom House, they are trying to implement Sharia law and an anti-western ideology throughout the country (Freedom House, 2015). This law restricts women’s

We have seen through lectures and through this book the dangers of imperialism. The use of indirect leaders leads to very little reprentation in government and therefore not a whole lot of say for those who are being colonized. We see the negative consequences of Imperialism very stated in colonial India.

All throughout the world, imperialism was spreading quickly through the nations. More land meant more power, superior nations were looking to take over smaller less powerful ones. When it came to conquering smaller countries, the superior nation had to be able to manage and control it successfully. This idea was first bought forth during the Berlin Conference during the separation of African colonies. It stated that any European country could claim land in Africa; however, they must be able to keep control of their conquered area. Managing some African colonies would prove to be a difficult task for some of the European nations. In fact, Nigeria and Ethiopia would both play a part in the African resistance. In order for the spread of imperialism to work, these European nations would have to create imperial management methods. The Europeans were able to come up with many different forms and management methods of imperialism to use in Africa.

The nature of authority in the Old Regime was absolute. The King ruled by divine right, and wasn’t to be questioned or challenged.

The Scramble for Africa, was the occupation, division and colonization of the continent of Africa by European powers. This desire to take claim as much territory as possible stemmed from the need for resources and raw materials in order to keep up production after the industrial revolution, as well as the competitiveness of European countries that dates back for centuries. This rapid extraction of recourses would lead, as well as the previously stated completive nature of European countries would transform Africa into the continent we know today; filled with war, starvation, disease, and a lack of clean drinking water. All these modern day issues date back to the mass expansion by European nations nearly 150 years ago.

The Republic of Niger, a poor, landlocked country, located in the heart of Sub-Saharan West Africa. Niger has seen its fair share of change throughout the decades; moving away from the control of the French Parliament in 1960, Niger formally declared its independence. Despite this bold act of independence, Niger would not see its first steps towards democracy until the early 1990’s, when they held their first open election as a free state. However, even with the empowerment of the people in a democratic government, Niger has seen itself nearly torn apart as a result constant coups, that have occurred as recently as 2010. Such instability has led to incredulous amounts of corruption and poverty, within the Niger government. This lack of stability and constant turnover in government, has been a driving factor behind the lack of resources available for education in Niger.

In this paper I will discuss Nigeria, a country that was created by European imperialism. Nigeria is located on the Atlantic Coast in West Africa and is border by Benin, Chad, and Cameroon. It is the largest country in Africa. Nigeria has three main tribes which are the Yoruba, Hausa, and Igbo and other tribes as well. The official language of Nigeria is English although, the Yoruba, Ibo, and Hausa tribes represent the principal native language. Dance and music are a focal point in the Nigerian livelihood. The traditional Nigerian uses dance at births and deaths, on happy and sad occasions, and in worship. Nigerian music consists of many instruments. They are the trumpets, brass, vocals, percussion frame drums, kettle drums, double bass, flutes, and the electric guitar. Drums are considered very important to the Nigerian music and dances. In the Nigerian culture, art serves as a social or religious purpose. Nigeria is a celebratory country. Many holidays and festivities are observed by the Nigerian community to preserve their cultural heritage. Two of the most common are the National Day and The New Yam Festival. Traditional Nigerians have

Nigeria is a country that has a lot of historic cultures and empires. Nigeria goes back as far as the 5th century BC. During the 9th century the trading empire grows up around Lake Chad. Which then became the center of Nigeria. Its original center is east of the lake, in the Kanem region, but it soon extends to Bornu on the western side. In the 11th century the ruler of Kanem-Bornu converted to Islam. West of Bornu, is where Hausa people reign. They were placed in the right place so that they could control trade with the forest regions to the south. The Hausa develop a number of small but stable kingdoms, each ruled from a strong walled city. In the savanna grasslands and the forest regions west of the Niger, between the Hausa kingdoms and

It is estimated that forty percent of Nigerians are Christian. The Christians mainly lived in the South region of Nigeria. The vast majority of Igbo are Christians, as are many Yorubas. It is estimated that fifty percent of Nigerians are Muslim. The Muslims mainly lived in

The transformation of institutions can threaten the dethroning of a dictator’s grip over a nation, either leading to a brutal crackdown on citizens or the introduction of new inclusive policies. To dictators, citizens who are eager for change can be the death knell of an oppressive regime. For Tunisia, former president Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali, like many other rulers, eventually faced this threat. In 2011, the culmination of oppression and brutality led to the self-immolation of the young Tunisian street vendor, Mohamed Bouazizi. This triggered a multitude of protests that spread not only throughout Tunisia, but among other nations which came to be known as the Arab Spring. Countries experienced the Arab Spring in several ways, some of which were positively transformative, others which were unfortunately not. This paper examines the institutional transformations that occurred in Tunisia in respects to why the change took place and how it has affected the country. Specifically, Ben Ali’s authoritative rule, what problems were associated with the transition, and the aftermath of the revolution.

CHAPTER THREE: FOUNDING FACTORS TO LIBERIA’S PROBLEM Clench on Political Power The scholarly consensus is that the establishment of Liberia in 1822 by a philanthropic organization, the American Colonization Society and leadership structures that were put in place led to political confrontations in Liberia. Ironically, this conflict was an outcome of the same tensions and contradictions that existed in the United States between black slaves and their white masters. The country’s nineteen (19) presidents from 1947 to April 12,1980, military coup, were all Americo-Liberian and none was an indigenous Liberian.

How should an empire assert their claim to territory and how should they govern it? This question is important because there are a number of methods an empire could employ presiding over a colony. For example the French empire employed a system call direct rule. The French rulers wanted to assimilate or incorporate the peoples of West Africa . The British however preferred a system called indirect rule and it was applied to many of their West African colonies including Nigeria and Ghana. It has proven to be detrimental to problems in Africa and can be linked to the political past of the British colonial government. The goal of this paper is to expose the reasons for indirect rule in British colonies and the negative impact of post colonial development in West Africa.

Colonialism put a significant burden on colonies and once these territories were decolonized, they were no longer self-sufficient. Even after these territories regained their autonomy, they were still left to struggle after being exploited for decades. To begin, the French and British colonized Africa and left these territories to pay for operations the French and British implemented, such as military, private services to “whites”, and further education. These territories had very little to begin with because of slavery, so massive debts were accumulated. For instance, Senegal, as mentioned earlier, was colonized by France in the nineteenth century. It, along with other colonies along the west African coast, were exploited for their resources and were left to pay for the damages after not only World Wars I and II, but also from in-country fighting as well. Siji Jabbar, author of “How France loots its former colonies” says, “France organized its colonies in a system of “compulsory solidarity” which consisted of obliging the states to put 65% of their foreign currency reserves into the French Treasury, plus 20% for liabilities. This means these countries only ever have access to 15% of their own money! (Jabbar, 2013). Ultimately, colonization did just permit the occurrence of physical slavery, but colonies were looted and forced to sign binding contracts that leave them penniless indefinitely, but are also hard to get out of. Second, some of these territories had some natural resources that were considered valuable. Unsurprisingly, the colonists exploited these natural resources, such as the gold mines in the Congo. When colonialization ended, these developing nations were left with no natural resources and struggled to find ways to be independent, since the sectors they relied on to make money were abused and destroyed under European and American control. An interesting example of colonial exploitation occurred along the coast of West Africa in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. Rene Ruiz, author of “The colonial underdevelopment of Africa by Europe and the United States” mentions, “The wealth of these countries instead went to enrich Western nations, leaving nothing for the African

The corruption is quickly become one of most global and permanent phenomena which every Africa country fight for well- being of population.my country was good before that we lost of value our money (Fcfa) lead unemployment, hospital shortage ang hungry. How can we decrease of rate the corruption in our country? I think that we have yet many things to do, but we will talk the reason why the Cameroon is corrupting such as his background, causes and effect.