The Causes Of Human Growth And The Endocrine System

i.When testing for hypothyroidism, why is the free T4 level an important measurement? Predict what the TSH and T4 test results would indicate in someone with primary hypothyroidism. Explain your answer. (100 – 200 words, 5 marks)

This system enables specific signals to be sent and received by cells and tissues that are distant from one another. The endocrine system controls activities that take place in the body by releasing mediators, which are known as hormones. A mediator molecule can also be known as a hormone and it is released into one specific part of the body and normalizes the activity of cells in other parts of the body. Once a hormone is released it is transported to the target cells through the circulating blood in our bodies. Hormones in the body are significant in the processes of regulating growth, development, metabolism and

The endocrine system uses chemical messengers called hormones that are transported by the circulatory system (blood). They act on target cells that may be anywhere in the body.

Growth hormone or somatotropin is the hormone involved in the disorder of acromegaly. Produced by somatotrophs in the anterior pituitary gland, it functions as a metabolic hormone and determinant of body size. Growth hormones functions mainly on growth effects but it also has other aiding purpose in different parts of the body such as mobilization of fats, blood level increase, glycogen breakdown and more. The chemical nature of this hormone is protein based, hence the name somatotropin. It is originally made in the hypothalamus where it is secreted, then passes through the anterior pituitary gland before it enters the bloodstream. It is regulated through negative feedback, inhibiting the release of growth hormones when the amount in the bloodstream is high already. In terms of target tissues, it is very general, pretty much all the bone structure and most of the muscular system is affected by the growth hormone. It also has a very short half-life, ranging from twenty to thirty minutes. Typically, growth hormones are secreted the most during sleep; however, it decreases with age. Growth hormones cannot be naturally conjugated due to its own ability to inhibit its release when it is too much in the body already.

There are two types of hormones direct and indirect. “Direct hormones reduced glucose transport and metabolism, increased lipoysis, increased amino acid transport, increased protein synthesis, and increased insulin-like growth factor –I (IGF-I) production. Indirect hormones help promotion of growth and endocrine effects, reduction in insulin receptors, e.g. in liver, localized decreased in adipose tissue: free fatty acids released, which provides and energy source for muscles, and increase in both transcription and translation from the liver and other tissues.” (Principles of animal growth and development) Farmers use the hormones in production to help with faster growth and rate of daily gain to get cattle to market faster. However, non-farmers feel that the hormone use has a negative impact on the world.

The endocrine system is a group of glands distributed throughout the human body. This group of glands secretes substances called hormones. These hormones are dumping into the bloodstream (Shier, Butler & Lewis, 2009). The endocrine system does not have a single anatomic location. It is dispersed throughout the human body. The final purpose of this process is to control, regulate, and coordinate the functioning of the human body. Some body functions can be activated or inhibited by hormones, which are secreted in very small quantities. The hormone related diseases may be due to hyper secretion, or a hypo secretion. The hormones secreted by the endocrine glands regulate growth, development and function of many tissues, and coordinate the

Human growth hormones. What is really know about them? The average person probably never give human growth hormones a second thought. Accordingly, they are what help children to grow. The internal workings are developing to be viable and healthy organs. By the time a child reaches puberty, the production of HGH comes to a peak. It's not until he or she turns a quarter century that the HGH levels winds up being at or around 600ug. This number greatly decreases to equal less than 20% of that 600ug.

The Endocrine system is in charge of making sure your body works the way it should. It works by sending chemical messages through your body to make sure it works efficiently. The Endocrine system affects pretty much every cell and organ in your body. This system includes every single gland in your body that makes hormones. These glands include the pituitary gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, thyroid gland, Pancreas, ovaries in females and testicles in males. These collection of glands produce and secrete (release) hormones directly into the blood stream. These hormones target specific cells in an organ, this is to control metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep and mood. This is to help the body work the way it is suppose to. Homeostasis is the process of maintaining a constant internal environment including temperature, water content, available energy, oxygen and the concentration of wastes ensures that the body

The function of the endocrine system is to regulate body activities, similar to the nervous system in that they both regulate body activities. The difference is that the nervous system uses electrical messengers to send signals to the body, and the endocrine system uses chemical messengers “hormones” to make the changes to effect changes within the body. The endocrine system work together with the nervous system to help control body function and regulations, including metabolism, nutrition, elimination, temperature, fluid and electrolyte balance, growth, and reproduction. The endocrine system in our body consists of a number of glands which make, store, and release chemicals. There are a large number of endocrine glands in the human

Estrogen is a steroid hormone which plays a crucial role in growth and maturation of both sexes. In the female reproductive system, estrogen targets tissues such as mammary glands, uterus, and ovaries. Bone formation has a significant positive relationship with estrogen from puberty to maturation and beyond (Clark et al., 1992). Post puberty estrogen is mainly synthesized and released from the ovaries in females. Through binding proteins or estrogen receptors (ER) found within the nucleus, estrogen is retained and affects specific target tissues throughout the body. Binding of estrogen to its receptor causes conformational change which in turn allows binding to chromatin and proceed with transcription of specific target genes (Murdoch

The endocrine system is made up of organs and tissues that produce hormones. Hormones are natural chemicals produced in one place, secreted into the bloodstream and then used by other organs and target systems. Hormones control the target organs. Some organic systems have their own internal control systems in place of the hormones or together with them.

Human growth hormone (HGH) is an organic component that the pituitary gland secretes. The levels of HGH are ample during childhood; however, as a person age, the torso generates reduced hormones. Weight loss and HGH often go together. Essentially, one of the most crucial benefits attracting individuals to HGH supplementation therapy is to lose weight.

Normal secretion of growth hormone is regulated by the hypothalamus. Normally, growth hormone from the hypothalamus is transported to the anterior pituitary gland where it is released. GH released from the anterior pituitary binds to and activates specific cells (Roiger). Growth hormone is released in a pulsatile manner and acts on the liver, bone, cartilage, muscle, and adipose tissue to stimulate the production of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Circulating IGF-I in the body is derived mainly from the liver and feeds back on the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus to inhibit further growth hormone secretion (Patel, Ezzat and Chik).

The function of the endocrine system is the production and regulation of hormones. Hormones regulate different body functions including growth, development, mood, tissue function, metabolism, and sexual function.

The proper functioning of the endocrine system is extremely important. In case of overproduction or reduced production of hormones the related processes become improperly regulated, which can cause