The Causes Of Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson disease (PD) is one of the most common neurologic disorders. and it affects approximately 1% of individuals older than 60 years old. Parkinson’s disease is a condition that progresses slowly by treatment. In addition, loss of pigmented dopaminergic neurons of the substantianigra pars compacta and the presence of Lewy bodies and Lewyneurites are the two major neuropathologic findings in Parkinson disease (Hauser, 2016).

Parkinson’s disease is a “neurodegenerative disorder of the basal nuclei due to insufficient secretion of the neurotransmitter dopamine” (Marieb & Hoehn, 2013, p. G-17). The cause of Parkinson’s disease is unknown, but many factors play a role in the development of Parkinson’s disease. One factor that has been found in an individual who has Parkinson’s disease causes over activity of targeted dopamine-deprived basal nuclei. This over activity is caused by the breakdown of neurons that release dopamine in the substantia nigra (Marieb & Hoehn, 2013). Another factor that is present in a person who has Parkinson’s disease, is the presence of lewy bodies in the brain stem ("What is lbd?," 2014). Lewy bodies are unusual

The major component shared by both Parkinson’s disease and dementia is the functioning of neurons, with a then understandable association. Dementia is caused by neuron demise or diminished capacity of communication with other cells, while Parkinson’s disease, neurons in the basal ganglia experience deterioration that disrupts the normal neurotransmitter dopamine balance where neurons waste and die. With this shared neuron deterioration, the prevalence of dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease is clearly understood. One-third of all patients with Parkinson’s disease will display dementia (LeMone, Burke, & Bauldoff, 2011) with indicators identical to Alzheimer’s form of dementia.

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disorder of the central Nervous system and affects both motor and nonmotor functions. parkinson 's is caused by a chemical imbalance within the brain. The brain produces a neurotransmitter called dopamine in the basal ganglia, which is structures linked to the thalamus in the base of the brain. If the Dopamine, Basal ganglia and Thalamus does not function properly then causes major damage,. A person having less and less dopamine, the individual has less and less ability to regulate their movements, body and emotions. Although there is no current cure available for Parkinson’s disease, the debilitating conditions can be lessoned through education, therapy, and a variety of treatments to improve their quality of life on the National Parkinson Foundation website.

Parkinson’s disease is a nervous system disorder that affects movement, speech, and other brain function due to insufficient amounts of dopamine release. It is currently incurable, however there are some treatments that can be given to a patient depending on their symptoms and how severe they are. These treatments are administered to Parkinson’s disease patients with the goal of controlling symptoms and minimizing their affects for as long as possible as the disease progresses. Parkinson’s disease is still being researched however, and many treatments are considered experimental. Current treatments that are being administered include dopamine drugs, speech and physical therapy, and in more severe cases, deep brain stimulating surgery. Moreover,

Parkinson’s disease destroys the cells in the brain that create dopamine. As levels of the chemical fall, the body is unable to move and function as it once did. Falling dopamine levels translate to increasing movement impairment. However, over time, these medications that are prescribed to patients become less efficient, and patients are no longer able to take them. Each year doctors and scientist work together to find a treatment or a possible prevention that that will help patients with Parkinson’s disease find a relief. As for future treatments, doctors are implying to treat and defeat Parkinson’s disease through medicine that proves sustained effects throughout the day, advances in deep brain stimulation, gene therapy and neural

The disease that I have chosen is Parkinson’s Disease it is a disease that causes uncontrollable shaking in the body that your brain is causing. Parkinson’s Disease is caused because your body do not produce enough dopamine. Some causes for Parkinson’s disease can be genetics, and environmental triggers. For example, if you are a exposed to certain toxins then you have a miniscule chance of getting parkinson’s but it is very rare. Some other causes for parkinson’s can be having the presence of Lewy bodies in your brain. Which are clumps of specific substances that are found in the brain. These Lewy bodies are an important part to the cause of Parkinson’s disease but completely the cause. But, scientists believe that important factor to the cause is a protein that is found in these Lewy bodies. This protein is called alpha-synuclein, which is a protein that the cells in your body can not break down and therefore it could be a harm to the cells around it in the brain that control the nervous system. Another point is genetics in which you can get it from past generations because the creation of the protein the brain is passed down. Though it is very rare it is still very possible that you could get it and you can get Parkinson’s Disease.

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive late-onset disorder that affects the nervous system. The part of the brain that is most affected is the substantia nigra which controls balance and movement. Consequently, the most noted symptoms of this disease are tremors, inability to move, stiffness, or reduced coordination and balance. Scientists have identified many genes that contribute to Parkinson’s but also suggest that the nature of the disease comes from both genetic and environmental factors. The genes we know so far are: LRRK2, PARK2, PARK7, PINK1 (PARK6), SNCA, GBA, and UCHL1; the last two are attributed to developing family history of Parkinson’s and not developing the disease in that individual. In the PARK2, PARK6, and PARK7 genes, in order

Parkinson’s disease is affected by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons which is responsible to produce dopamine. Dopaminergic neurons have their cell bodies in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in basal ganglia (O’Sullivan and Schmitz, 2007). Basal ganglia are a collection of interconnected gray matter nuclear masses deep within the brain”. These gray matter masses are caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus and the substantia nigra. Basal ganglia receive its input through striatum (O’Sullivan and Schmitz, 2007).

Parkinson's disease (PD) was first described on 1817 by James Parkinson (Dauer & Przedborski, 2003). PD is a progressive neuromuscular disorder. It has an average age of onset of about 55 years of age. The lifetime prevalence rate is about 0.15 percent, but the incidence of PD increases as people get older (American Psychiatric Association, 2004). The vast majority of PD cases are labeled as "sporadic Parkinson's disease" (cause unknown) but about five percent of PD cases are inherited (Dauer & Przedborski, 2003). Secondary Parkinsonism exists and is often a result of some drug (typically dopamine antagonists), hypoxia, or a brain tumor.

Parkinson’s Disease is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system and the symptoms are “motor impairments involving resting tremor, bradykinesia, postural instability, gait difficulty and rigidity” (Beal & Thomas, 2007). The cause of Parkinson’s Disease is still yet to be discovered however there is strong evidence that it is an age-related disease as it is shown to be more frequent in people who are over the age of 50 (Samii, Nutt, & Ransom, 2004). There have been many studies that suggest that exercise can improve the quantity and quality of life for those who are affected by Parkinson’s Disease. This is due to the fact, regular exercise of about 150 minutes per week has many benefits to the health of an individual

Environmental factors – There is some evidence that presence of toxins and harmful environmental agents may grow the risk of developing Parkinson’s later in life; however the possibility is very less.

Parkinson's disesae is an interminable, dynamic neurodegenerative issue with expanded predominance in the maturing populace.

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive and neurodegenerating disorder in the central nervous system that affects the motor skills of a patient. It is a long-term disorder that is common to old people ranging ages from the early 60s. Motor symptoms include shaking, rigidity, slowness in movement and difficulty to move limbs; all of these happen due to the result of dead cells coming from the substantia nigra, a region of the midbrain. It is understood that a dopamine deficiency is the root cause of this matter. The disease has no cure but recent studies suggest different kinds of treatments such as the anti-parkinson medication levodopa (L-DOPA).

The decreased physical activities and range of motion are a significant concern in Parkinson’s disease patients. Physical Therapy has been shown to benefit Parkinson’s patients, improving the quality of life. According to the data by Gisbert and Schenkman, research shows that Physical Therapy has a positive short term effect on people with Parkinson’s disease. Exercises such as 2- and 6-minute walk tests, walking speed, step length, Timed "Up & Go" Test (TUG), Functional Reach Test (FRT), have all showed positive results for PD patients. All these exercises relate to Physical Therapy and are based off its principles. One patient in the study said he was able to walk up and down a flight of stairs without help because he had strengthened his