The Causes Of The Indo-Pakistani War Of 1947

Disputes over land seem to be a catalyst for almost every hostility and war since the dawn of time. The addition of politics and religion into the matter only serves to aggravate an already tense situation. Kashmir knows this all too well. The conflict between Hindus and Muslims seems to be an ever reoccurring battle. This is also evidenced in population battles. Hindus make up the social majority of the population of India by almost eighty percent. Feelings of tension and uneasiness are a natural reaction to being dominated by a majority and are a problem unto itself.

Before 1971, Bangladesh was divided into two regions; both with opposing political power. Although East Pakistan (Bangladesh) withheld the larger population between the two provinces, it acquired much less political dominance than West Pakistan. Through the power and representation of leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, East Pakistan rebelled. Rahman, leader of political party ‘The Awami League’ demanded more powers both politically and economically. This struggle finally cumulated into the war of independence for East Pakistan.

The ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan has been the subject of speculation and study by political scientists and historians for a number of years. The ethnic conflict seems to have been sparked at the very beginning in 1947, when the British used Muslim and Hindu mercenaries against each other before the area finally split into today’s countries of India and Pakistan (Spiegel et al. 2015, 185). The timeline since then has been full of conflicts, both major and minor. Brutal tactics used by security forces and a high rate of unemployment have added to the issue (BBC News 2016).

The years subsequent the war, Britain kept their promise to India. In return for military labor and free access to commodities throughout the war, Britain would relinquished their hold on the territory thus, allowing it its freedom. In 1947, British India was partitioned into ‘India and Pakistan’ and soon after, was given its independence as a solitary state apart from Pakistan. Although this was what the Indian Independence Movement aspired for, violence between Muslims, Sikhs and Hindus quickly arose (Pierce). The conflict sparked what became the determining factor in the separation of the two states, independently India, and Pakistan. India and its neighboring regions were flooded with mass exodus, people who believed that a Hindu India, and a Muslim/Sikh Pakistan was the best possible way to begin independence packed their things and left, seeking the land of their religious majority. Over 14.5 million people crossed borders. Nearby in Burma (what is modern day Myanmar), Japan had invaded with the assumption that they could easily take hold of the Burmese colony, which was incredibly blessed with

The year was 1971, and although decades had passed since the partition and birth of Pakistan, the dust still hadn’t settled. Pakistan and East Pakistan were separated geographically by India. Over the years, East Pakistan felt discriminated against politically and otherwise, so they rose up in rebellion against West Pakistan. All out civil war raged over the course of the year, resulting in millions of casualties and refugees streaming across the border to India. India, sensing weakness, and backed by the Soviet Union, launched a full-scale invasion of East Pakistan and in no time, Pakistan’s once great army was defeated. Bangladesh was born from the ruins of East Pakistan.

The first war between India and Pakistan, which started in October 1947, was one of the first major events that led to the modern-day hatred between these two nations. British policy stated that the numerous princely states would have to

Prior to 1971, Bangladesh did not exist as a state. Instead, it was part of an area called “East Pakistan,” created after India’s independence from Britain spurred Pakistan to create their own independent state. Pakistan at the time was made up of East and West sections, which were separated by religion and culture. West Pakistan looked down upon their eastern neighbors,

Less than 30 years after the war of Independence, East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) and West Pakistan (now Pakistan) had grown so further apart, even from the obvious geographical disconnect, that the liberation war of 1971 could be termed as inevitable. For some it was the war of liberation but for many who lost their friends, neighbors and other loved ones, it was a time of selfish loss.

The 1935 Government Act of India proposes more governmental reforms and allows for an assembly made up of Indian but it is rejected by Indian nationalists who want dominion status granted to them immediately. Beginning in 1946, the Muslim League begins to advocate for an independent Muslim state, which causes widespread panic. India receives its independence from Great Britain in 1947 but as their last major act the British governors separate India into two new countries: India and Pakistan. Many people are forced to leave their homes in order to get to the new country and refugees become an issue in both countries. Widespread fighting breaks out along the borders as people try to get to the country that corresponds with their religion. The new governments struggle to agree on who will get what parts of the natural resources, military and financial resources along with the regions of Jammu and Kashmir. Great Britain sold Kashmir to a maharajah during the colonial era and as they were withdrawing, gave him the option to going to either country. Most other states sided with religions but Kashmir was ruled by a Hindu yet had a predominantly Muslim population. The maharajah hesitates and is forced to leave the region. He signs over the territory to India and Pakistan sends troops to protect the Muslims in that area. War breaks out and continues for three years until a ceasefire is declared and

Quaid-e-Azam who made freedom possible for us and gave us the separate homeland to live, but the incident of East Pakistan hurts every Pakistani because we love our Bengali brothers and sisters and we wanted to live with them one basis of equality and wanted to stay one nation but due to some our mistakes and some external interruption it could not possible to stay with each other, the East Pakistan become now Bangladesh. East Pakistan, Dhaka Fall 1971, the incident not happened sudden there was a complete planning behind this incident. The East Pakistan is the biggest lost of our country. We have the separate homeland but it has the history that for this homeland our leaders and the Muslims of Subcontinent sacrifice their lives. The separation of East Pakistan is bitter truth for us but we have to accept this truth because behind this there was the wrong step or mistake which was taken in the past. We are trying to reduce the problems. Pakistan came in to being on 14th August 1947 from that day till now we are facing a lot of problems. The separation of East Pakistan gave the grief.

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is considered to be a rising star within the international community. According to the Central Intelligence Agency World Factbook, “The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with West and East sections) and largely Hindu India was never satisfactorily resolved.” The emergence of this persisting rivalry began with the partition of British India, which mostly divided Pakistan and India along ethnic and religious lines. The relationship between India and Pakistan further devolved with three conflicts, starting in

Pakistan entered into a civil war after East Pakistan wanted autonomy and later wanted independence. India attacked East Pakistan to support its people after millions of civilians left to India. At the end of 1971, Bangladesh was created out of East Pakistan.

As World War II (1939-1945) began, Indian independence continued to gain momentum. Placing pressure on an increasingly depleted government (both in economic and human resources), Britain entered into negotiations with India. In 1947, Britain partitioned India, creating the modern states of Pakistan and India and sparking a new wave of colonial independence throughout the commonwealth. Britain’s empire had begun to set.

Kashmir is conflict territory after the partition of India and Pakistan. Conflict is not only between India and Pakistan but also India and the religious militants. Religious Militants are conducting a jihad to govern by the religious law. Historically, Kashmir included Sufis Muslim not orthodox Muslim. Numerous international events had influenced in the growth of Islamic fundamentalism in Kashmir. Jihad is not originally from Kashmir but they are foreign militancy bought during the end of the Soviet –Afghanistan War. Additionally, they are trained in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Pakistan Inter service Intelligence helped them to incorporate into organized militant groups. Pakistan helped Jihad group with full moral,

Bangladesh’s war of liberation in 1971 . Bangladesh then formed the eastern wing of the