The Cell

Cells are a highly complex entity and is both structurally and functionally the basic unit of all living things. Cells are an important and vital part in order to sustain life. Cells are highly diverse and their specific roles are dependent on shape and internal composition. Cells are what carry out functions to promote life, including: reproduction, nutrient digestion, and metabolism. The cell has many components including the nucleus, cytoplasm, many organelles, and a plasma membrane. The nucleus contains all of the genetic material and genes, which are found in the DNA. The nucleus is the control center of the cell as it is key for cell reproduction. The nucleus is surrounded in a membrane called the nuclear envelope for protection and regulation of materials in and out of the nucleus. Cytoplasm is what all of the cell contents is referred to outside of the nucleus. This includes all the high specific metabolic machinery called organelles. A list of organelles include: Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria, and centrioles. Ribosomes are free floating spherical bodies of RNA and proteins which are the site for protein synthesis. Endoplasmic reticulum is broken into two structures, the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Rough ER provides area for storage and transport of proteins

Cell Membrane : surrounds the cytoplasm in the plant cell and surrounds the cell in the animal cell

Cells: Biology. a usually microscopic structure containing nuclear and cytoplasmic material enclosed by a semipermeable membrane and, in plants, a cell wall; the basic structural unit of all organisms

Nucleus – The nucleus is the largest organelle in the cell. It acts as the control system for almost all the activities of the cell. It stores the cell 's hereditary material, or DNA

There are a few organelles that exist in all three types of cells. The first of these is the cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane). The plasma membrane is the outer boundary of the cell that protects the cell from its surroundings. It is selectively permeable because it controls what enters and exits the cell. Carl Naegeli and C. Cramer discovered the plasma membrane in 1855.

Bacterial cells and eukaryotes both have a cell wall. The cell wall is what gives the cells its unique shape and size. The cell wall in bacterial cells are made up of carbohydrates, proteins and peptidoglycan. The cell wall in bacteria protects the cell from damages to the cell and has a inelastic shape just outside the plasma membrane. The cell wall of

Now that we understand the properties of life and the composition of cells, we can focus on the architecture or formation in terms of basic anatomy and physiology as our second area of exploration. The two types of cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) defined before have a few common things such as Plasma membrane (similar to animal cells); Cell wall (similar to plant cells); and Ribosomes, the

The cell membrane is the frame holding the cell together. It also allows nutrients to enter and waste to vacate. In our theatre

The Cell Membrane acts as a barrier for the cell. Not only does it control what goes in and out, it also forms a bit of structure to the cell so nothing from the inside is pouring out.

Every living cell is surrounded by a thin layer known as the cell membrane or plasma membrane, which controls the movement of substances in to and out of the cell. This membrane is also responsible for maintaining the ultra-structure of the cell, and keeping its internal components together. Organelles such as the nucleus, lysosomes, the Golgi body and mitochondria are also bound by their own individual membranes.

Cell walls and cell membranes are responsible for regulating the entering and exiting of particles and substance which maintains internal balance. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for transporting vesicles delivered from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Chloroplasts are found in plant cells only and utilize sunlight to create energy using a method called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is when plants use water, sunlight and carbon dioxide to create energy in the form of glucose for plant cells. Mitochondria are in both animal and plant cells. Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration that creates ATP used by the cell as energy. Lysosomes are digestive organelles which break down macromolecules in the cell through hydrolysis. In order for a cell to survive it needs particular isolation from its environment, this is done via the plasma membrane, energy through ATP and cellular respiration. The cell membrane is made up of the phospholipid

The cellular membrane is a selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer that also contains embedded proteins as well as cholesterol which gives the membrane its fluidity. A phospholipid molecule has two ends, a head and tail; the head is hydrophilic, meaning it is attracted to water molecules, while the tail end is hydrophobic and not attracted to water molecules. Selectively-permeable means it will let certain molecules into the cell, while making sure certain particles stay out. The proteins located in the membrane take over as the mechanism to move different molecules in and out of the cell.(“What is a semipermeable membrane?, 2015”)

Cytoplasm is what can be considered as a water-like substance inside all cells. Without cytoplasm, certain parts of a cell like DNA molecules, chloroplasts, and mitochrondia would not be able to survive. It is mostly made up of water and salt (“What is Cytoplasm?”)

In plants the cell membrane is surrounded by a cell wall. The cell wall is outside the cell membrane, and its purpose is to help the membrane protect and support the cell. Since the cell wall is very porous, water, oxygen,

In regards to their basic structure, according to the SEER Training website, “cells consist of three parts: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and, between the two, the cytoplasm.” (Training.seer.cancer.gov, 2017) This is true for animal cells however plant cells contain a fourth part which is known as the cell wall, it is located on the outside of the cell membrane and allows the cell to keep its rigid shape. It should also be known that there are types of cells that do not contain a nucleus, these are called prokaryotic cells and generally still have the same characteristics as cells that do have a nucleus which are known as eukaryotic cells. (Study.com, 2017) As seen in Figure 1 cells also contain organelles which keep the cell alive and allow it to function effectively.The cytoplasm of the cell which resides between the cell membrane and the nucleus is a gel-like liquid filling the inside of the cell. The cytoplasm allows the cell to have shape and allows the cell 's organelles to move around the cell as needed and function correctly. The nucleus is widely considered to be the control center or