The Chalumeau and the Clarinet Essay

On the morning of January 8th 1962, the Supreme Court received mail from prisoner 003826 of Florida State Prison, also known as Clarence Earl Gideon. In the envelope contained a hand written letter with questionable grammar from Gideon claiming that he was denied a fair trial due to the absence of a lawyer. Gideon’s writ of certiorari was an in forma pauperis petition or pauper’s petition. Due to the fact that most paupers’ petitions are from inmates who do not have the legal means to properly file a certiorari, the Court had special methods of handling cases such as Gideon’s. Paupers’ petitions according to Justice Frankfurter were “almost unintelligible and certainly do not present a clear statement of issues necessary

1. Roy, Gabrielle. The Tin Flute. Translated by Alan Brown. Toronto: McCelland & Stewart Inc., 1989

Modern music is very heavily influenced by the Zhou dynasty for example the flute. The flute is used in many orchestras and songs today . The use of the flute was advanced by the Zhou dynasty . The flute was made from bamboo pipes with holes in them that were made to imitate bird noises . At this time period a musical instrument like the flute is seen as advancement in music and was ahead of its’ time . There were different versions of a flute before the Zhou Dynasty , but they were not as precise and they could not play different notes. No other dynasty has revolutionized music in such an impactful way. There were two types of their flute that were invented. the first one was the dizi and the

Composers were also concerned for the projection of the sound, so the horn parts were commonly written around the open notes of the harmonic series. The majority of Mozart’s Horn Concerto in D is written around the natural harmonic series, however, there are a few chromatic notes outside of the natural harmonic series. For example, on the 'and' of the fourth beat in measure 35 is a C#, which is not found in the natural harmonic scale. In order to produce this pitch, the French horn player would have to utilize the hand horn

Since the Baroque era, the concerto has played a vital role in the music world. According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, a concerto is “a composition for one or more soloists and orchestra with three contrasting movements.” There are two main types: the concerto grosso and the classical concerto; both will be discussed later. While the term concerto is relatively easy to understand in context, when put into use the term becomes more complicated to define.

“The CLAIRSEACH was the large harp [...] having from 29 to 58 strings, and even 60, but as a rule 30 strings.”

The late 18th century involved a lot of modifications to earlier models of horns. Beginning with the bullhorn and into the development of the bugle in 1810, instrument materials shifted from horn to wood, to eventually copper, silver, and brass. “By the time mankind learned to work and alloy such soft metals as copper, zinc, lead, tin, gold, and

The upper joint, as you may have guesses connects to the barrel. The next part of the clarinet I will discuss with you is called the lower joint. The lower joint connects to the upper joint. The last piece you will need to know is called the bell. The bell connects to the lower joint.

When making our musical instrument the beautiful pan flute or as we named the Zelda flute, we had to go through a short process known as the journey. First we went on the google to start to think of what we would make. We would just search up things that would simple for instance we searched up things as “Musical instruments you can make at home” or “Instruments kids can make.” After going though many choices which more accurately was 3 in reality but we came to the conclusion that the pan flute would be easier to make. After we chose to make the pan flute we into deeper research on making like seeing what type of pan flutes there were or to see if longer made the pan flute londer. Than we decided to make the pan flute out of straws and we came to the problem of deciding in which

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was probably the greatest genius in Western musical history. He was born in Salzberg, Austria on January 27, 1756. The son of Leopold Mozart and his wife Anna Maria Pertl. Leopold was a successful composer and violinist and assistant concertmaster at the Salzberg court.

During the time of “Golden Age” which is known as Baroque period the flute was seen as a much successful instrument rather than the recorder when it came to keeping the tune of melodies due to its octave range consisting of two to three, however, the flute had to be modified greatly in order to keep up with difficult music being composed (Toff, 1996). The flute consisted of six holes that were spaced out along the flute body with three holes each in groups of two, which were designed to make it adequate for musician to be able to reach keys rather than acoustic specifications (Toff, 1996). However, the spacing of the two groups did make it difficult for flutist who struggled to produce the F# which appeared in semitone flat. It wasn’t until

This invention made the horn players play horn easily. The range for the horn was easier from the lower range to the high range. Because the horn players can play horn without the right hand to control notes and used the values to change the length of the horn. Many skills were difficult for the natural horn to play, such as lip-trills, hand-stopped, and rapid tonguing. However, Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber still used the four natural horns to describe the forest in the overture of Der Freischütz. At the act 3, he was keeping used the natural horns to be the hunting sounds. It means the original horn was an important role for hunting.

A. Heckel in the 1850s began transitioning to a majority, if not all keys, using rod-axle style keys or pillar mounted keys as opposed to the previously standard saddle-mounted keys. This style of keys has persisted to this day in German bassoons. Heckel decided to enlarge the hole controlled by the left middle finger to help the tones and pitches of the E3 and E3 Alternate as well. This innovation helped to strengthen E4 and F4 as they had newly established standard fingerings. In addition to that hole enlargement, Heckel added a right thumb key for both Bb2 and Bb3 and a C# key for the left thumb. At the time, this addition was more outrageous due to the previous held traditions as it added a number of new responsibilities to the bassoonists’ thumbs. Generally the thumbs were only used to extend the range of the bassoon to the higher or lower pitches, this was the first innovation to introduce chromatic responsibilities to the thumbs. Heckel also enlarged the bore slightly in comparison to the German bassoons made at this time, most likely in response to critics of his 1851 basssoon in the Paris convention saying that his instrument, while mostly superior, did not achieve the same “openness” to its sound as was believed possible. These are believed to have been J. A. Heckel’s last innovations to the German bassoon as his son, Wilhelm Heckel assumed control of the company in 1877 upon his father’s

The harp is one of the oldest plucked instrument in the world, originated in ancient Persia.The New Stone Age to the ancient greeks. Before Medieval Times, this time has a new harp called “Arched Harp”. Then after Medieval Times, the oldest Irish Harp is made of 14th century. The evolution of the harp instrument, a mostly in order to overcome the tonality and chromatic limits. There are more kind of Harp are double-strung harp, triple harp, hook harp, cross-strung chromatic harp and pedal harp. Half of the 20th century, the nylon string was invented, gradually changed the greco-roman clavichord. Modern harp is floor type, it is very huge.

The hardingfele also know as a hardanger fiddle is a unique and historic instrument traditionally from Norway. This instrument with its rich history is quite possibly a gem in the string family that is normally overlooked. Even though many people have never heard of a hardingfele it is commonly considered the national instrument of Norway! In this paper I hope to show you a brief history of the hardingfele and then a look at how the hardingfele is still used today.