The Characteristics Of The Institutional Pillars Of Malaysia

Malaysia was colonized late by the British, with the Dutch colonizing Malacca first. In British Malaya, the split anthropological imagination of Oriental Chinese and Malay was the basis of a split colonial rule in which the governor presided over protectorate government, incorporating Malay royalty and aristocratic rajas in the Peninsular Malay States and Crown Colony government in the Straits Settlements. Despite settling down of both Chinese and Indian immigrants in Malaya, the colonial government maintained their non-resident status in the Malay states and gave ‘British subject’ status only to the descendants of immigrants in the settlements. Between 1814 to 1860 the British were in a state of non-interference. Non-interference meant that the different sultan states could decide how they wanted to design their state. Since the colonial government never accepted the Chinese as permanent residents of the country, it is not surprising that the Malay population in Malaysia believed the

Power is identical with political practice that authorities take measures to preserve power. (Suseno: 1987: 132) argued that, in maintaining political power, it must uphold the values of morality in politics, one of this issues of morality are worse the politicians. Democratic government is putting people at the highest power and the people are free to choose their leaders through democratic elections. People who someone are trying to destroy democracy resulted in fraud in the application one of them is black campaign to gain power. Black campaign is attacking political opponents by spreading weakness and slander that is not correspond to the fact that used to crush political opponents (Cooper:

There are numerous ways to improve the Malaysian electoral system both in fairness and efficiency. Currently, there is a lack in confidence in the validity or neutrality of the Electoral Commissions (EC). Members of the EC are elected by the Yang di- Pertuan Agong (YDPA) after discussing with the Conference of Rulers (Legal Research Board, 2013). However, according to Article 40 the YDPA can only act after receiving advice from the Cabinet or a Minister representing the Cabinet (Legal Research Board, 2013); in most cases it would mean the Prime Minister. Hence, it may seem that the politically neutral EC were to be pro-government. A solution to this problem would be to amend the Constitution so that the House of Representatives can debate on the nomination of the EC members, then their decision would be passed on to the YDPA. By doing so, the EC would comprise of members that have the approval of both the government and opposition, thus making the committee fairer. Aside from that, the EC should manage its own budget, and should be reviewed by the Auditor-General and not be dissected by the Parliament.

The People’s Action Party has dominated politics in Singapore since their independence from Malaysia in 1965. (BBC) Currently the country’s political system has been in the news for evolving into more than one dominant political party. The 2006 elections included three main opposition parties: The Singapore Democratic Alliance, The Singapore Democratic Party, and the Worker’s Party. The Education Minister, Ong Ye Kung, recently stated that “a multi-party system [in Singapore] could slow down

PENDAHULUAN Kekuasaan dan pengaruh perusahaan raksasa atau korporasi di dalam kehidupan masyarakat yang semakin kokoh di era globalisasi merupakan fakta yang tidak terbantahkan. Dengan kekuatan itu, dampak positif maupun negatifnya pun sangat besar. Tidak ada yang menyangkal bahwa korporasi telah memberikan sumbangan bagi kemajuan ekonomi, peningkatan sumberdaya manusia dan sebagainya. Namun, dampak negatif aktivitasnya juga berskala yang sama. Kerusakan lingkungan, proses pemiskinan dan marginalisasi kelompok masyarakat rentan, kian lebarnya kesenjangan ekonomi serta pengaruhnya terhadap proses politik yang tidak demokratis di berbagai jenjang pemerintahan

As democratic nations, Malaysia and Singapore, do hold elections though only one party has held power in each nation since their independence. Malaysia has been governed by the United Malays National Organization (Lec: 9/7) since 1957 and Singapore has been ruled by the People’s Action Party since 1965 (Lec: 9/21). Governmental positions have mostly been uncontested with “walkover” winnings (Lec: 9/26) since this time, due to election tactics. UMNO has maintained control of the political sphere by ruling as a coalition, offering incentives for supporters and aggression for opposition (Lec: 9/7). Similarly, the

While Malaysia has shown vast amounts of progress in their civil society, the country still shows significant issues that may prevent a fully developed democracy from blooming fully and staying true in the future. Their Civil Society still battles being constantly repressed by their government along with ethnic conflict, and even their media outlets are still highly controlled by the government. The only way that Malaysia may be able to stay true to democracy is if a political change in culture occurs and has the mass support of its people to want to change their country’s ways. This essay analyzes Malaysia’s tricky transition into democracy.

Masalah pembuangan bayi dan pengguguran bayi merupakan jenayah dan masalah sosial yang semakin menghiasi dada akbar dan hangat diperkatakan. Masalah ini juga sering dipaparkan oleh media massa media cetak ataupun media elektronik. Hal ini menggemparkan masyarakat di Malaysia. Masalah ini boleh dihubungkaitkan dengan pegangan agama yang rapuh, keruntuhan akhlak dan keruntuhan institusi keluarga dalam

In light of Singapore’s upcoming 2020 general elections, there are a few changes Singapore’s electoral system should embrace to ensure a more effective electoral process and accurate outcomes. A condition for democracy to occur is to have free and fair elections as it depicts popular choice and control over government. The People’s Action Party (PAP) has dominated the political playing field since 1965 and this resulted in Singapore being known as a model of ‘soft authoritarianism’ with limited democracy (Yeo. L.H, 2010). Although Singapore has seen an increase in the number of opposition parties, these parties appear to be ineffective to compete against the PAP.

For religious discrimination, the same figures stand at 82% for the Malays and 53% for others. (CPPS Minda Muda study) Recent polls suggest that ethnic inequality is the 2nd-most pressing issues faced by Malaysians, at 17%, with only price hikes and inflation considered more pressing, coming in at 20%. 63% are somewhat or very dissatisfied with government efforts to address ethnic inequality. (Merdeka Centre Voter Opinion Poll 4 th Quarter 2007) Article 153 of the Federal Constitution states: “It shall be the responsibility of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to safeguard the special position of the Malays and natives of any of the States of Sabah and Sarawak and the legitimate interests of other communities in accordance with the provisions of this Article.” Article 153 has been used to permit quotas in the provision of public scholarships, civil service positions, and business licences.

Despite the challenges, Malaysia emerged from these critical times much stronger and more determined to achieve national unity, economic growth and social development. The trauma of racial riots let to a critical self-analysis of what went wrong and the formulation of new approaches towards strengthening national unity and at this era, the citizens of this country live together in peace and harmony.

Malaysia was celebrating 52nd years of independents day just nearly two month ago. Our country is considered as young develop country compare to the world giant power like United States Of America or Russia. Malaysia who facing a lot of challenge like threat from Communist Party of Malaya and few serious world economy crisis development for the peoples.

In the following paragraphs, survival of authoritarian regime will be the focus. Philippine and Malaysia will be used as case study to explain the rationale. History of Singapore, Burma, Thailand, South Vietnam and Indonesia will also be covered.

Malaysian Economic Transformation Programme (METP) is making a great effort to develop Malaysia by 2020. Working together with National Economic Model (NEM), to achieve the high GDP, per-capita and well distributed income and great quality growth.

Peperangan dunia telah memberi kesan kepada rakyat negara yang terlibat termasuklah negara kita, Malaysia. Di atas kesedaran itu maka dalam tahun 1951 "Civil Defence Ordinance" telah diluluskan dan dalam tahun 1952 sebuah Jabatan telah ditubuhkan bagi melaksanakan maksud ordinan tersebut. Jabatan tersebut telah diberi nama Jabatan Pertahanan Awam Malaysia. Apabila negara mencapai kemerdekaan dalam tahun 1957, tanggungjawab Pertahanan Awam terletak di bawah bidangkuasa Kerajaan Persekutuan sebagaimana yang termaktub di dalam Jadual ke sembilan (9) Perlembagaan Malaysia. Berikutan daripada  itu maka dalam tahun 1958 Pertahanan Awam menjadi