The Chenogne Massacre

On December 16, 1944, Adolf Hitler ordered a massive attack on the Allied forces. This attack, known as the Battle of the Bulge, was a last dich effort to split up the Allied forces in their drive towards Germany. The attack failed and effectively led to the eventual downfall of Nazi Germany. With few supplies and resources, German forces were heavily outmatched. On April 30, 1945, Adolf Hitler committed suicide in wake of Germany’s inevitable defeat. On May 7, 1945, Germany surrendered (National Geographic staff,

The Germans defeated the Polish and almost all of Western Europe. Although the British had no help when it came to Hitler and his army, the remains of Europe had been overturned already. The Battle of the Bulge also called Battle of the Ardennes as well, which began Dec. 16, 1944 and ended Jan. 16, 1945. This was the last major German offensive on the Western Front during World War II. It was an unsuccessful attempt to push the Allies back from German home territory . Winston Churchill made a promise that he would fight as long as it would take to overcome Hitler. The name Battle of the Bulge was appropriated from Winston Churchill he referred to “the bulge” as the wedge that the Germans drove into the Allied lines.

The Battle of the Bulge (16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945) was the last major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II. It was launched, in the dense forest of Ardennes Wallonia in eastern part of Belgium, northeast France, and Luxembourg. This battle was one of the largest fought by the United States Army, on the Western Front in Europe, during World War II. This fierce battle, was between the German Nazi’s, the American Army, Canadian Army, and the British Army, was one of Hitler’s last attempt to split the Allies driving them towards Germany and destroy their ability to supply themselves. Were the Germans able to stop the Americans and the British from getting their supplies? Was the weather a factor and if so, who did it assist in the battle? Was the American Army able to counter attack in a timely manner and stop the German Nazi’s invasion?

     The Battle of the bulge took place on December sixteenth 1944. More than a million men participated in this battle including some 600,000 Germans, 500,000 Americans, and 55,000 British which made it

“The battle [is also] known by different names. The Germans [called it] ‘Operation Watch on the Rhine’, while the French [called] it ‘Battle of the Ardennes’. [American and Britain] called it the Ardennes Counteroffensive.” The main goal for the Germans for this offensive was to split the British and American forces in half and capture the port city of Antwerp. This would “cause an encirclement of four allied armies and [force] a peace negotiation” (Cirillo). The Germans almost had complete surprise when the offensive was launched on “December 16th, 1944, at 05:30” and the offensive start with “an artillery barrage of over 1,600 artillery pieces.” The assault took place across an “80 mile front [that] the 6th Panzer Army had to cover” (Quarrie 1). “The attack was led by one of the best equipped German divisions on the western front, the 1st SS Panzer Division.” This was the lead unit for the 6th Panzer Army and was the lead division for the assault. The 26th Infantry was covering the part of the front where the push started. They were caught completely by surprise. “Equipped with only 32 M4 tanks, 57 anti-tank guns and thousands of battle-weary men” (MacDonald 1). The initial assault went well for the Germans and they break through the thinly defended American lines. Just “20 hours in [from the start of the assault] German forces are just 55 miles out from their objective”. By this time the casualty rate is below from what the

In the late 1944, during the wake of the Allied forces’ successful D-Day Invasion of Normandy, it seemed as if the Second World War was over. On December sixteenth, with the onset of winter, the German army launched a counteroffensive that was intended to cut through the Allied forces in a manner that would turn the tide of the war in Hitler’s favor. The battle that ensued is known historically as the Battle of the Bulge. The courage and fortitude of the American Soldier was tested against

In the weeks and months that passed groups of men began arriving from other towns. All debating whether or not they should go after the captives and retake them. All agreed that if they did this they would surly kill all especially the Reverend and his family.

Pennsylvania. Washington’s men murdered the gathering in what came to be recognized as The Battle of Jumonville Glen. France and England initially pursued the French and Indian War mainly for power of the area known as the Ohio River Valley. The Ohio River Valley was a property filled with fur-bearing animals and profuse resources. Both English and French colonists wanted to settle it to make fortunes in the fur trade. The Ohio River formed by the union of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers at the time Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ran through the valley. As French settlers arrived upon the area from Canada, and English settlers came from Virginia, territory clashes were unavoidable. Neither side was willing to negotiation, as each assumed they

The Boston Massacre was and is still a debatable Massacre. The event occurred on March 5, 1776. It involved the rope workers of the colonial Boston and two British regiments, the twenty-ninth and the fourteenth regiments. Eleven people were shot in the incident; five people were killed and the other six were merely wounded. The soldiers and the captain, Thomas Preston, were all put on trial. All were acquitted of charges of murder, however the two soldiers who fired first, Private Mathew Killroy, and Private William Montgomery, the two soldiers were guilty of manslaughter. The causes were numerous for this event. There had been a nation wide long-term dislike towards the British, and a growing hatred towards them by the people of Boston.

Lee was killed because they found out that he was part of the Massacre. If you wonder how he was the part of it well I’m about to tell you. Major John Higbee that was in command of the force at Mountain Meadow persuaded John D. Lee to be and William Bateman to act as a decoy to draw the emigrants out from the protection of their wagons. John D. Lee and William Bateman were waving a white flag, marched across the field and talked to the emigrants to leave their weapons, wagons, and cattle for there could be no harm from the Mormons. That was a lie. The emigrants listened to Lee and they were walking with a mormon by their side. Every emigrant men and women had a Mormon by their side with a gun. Then after a quarter mile Major John Higbee yelled ‘’ Halt! Do your duty!’’. Then that's when the massacre happened. Right when he said that, all the Mormons shot the emigrants that were beside them. Only seventeen kids survived and they were maybe at least 7 years old or younger. There was one kid that was only 4 years old and saw his mother get killed by a mormon. He said it was the most horriblest thing he ever saw because he was right beside his mother when he saw her get shot in the head. The mormons let those 17 kids leave on their own.The next day after the massacre Colonel Dame and Lt. Colonel Haight visited the site of the massacre with John Lee. He described how it looked that when the massacre happened. John Lee, Colonel Dame, and Lt. Colonel Haight went back home and told about the massacre to everyone. Some blamed Brigham Young but he never knew about the massacre. Everyone were wondering who was responsible about the massacre. When Young’s official Mormons heard about that, they were worked on blaming the Indians or the emigrants themselves. By November John D. Lee completed a fictionalized account of the massacre, attributing all the killing to the Indians and send it to Young. When Young received it he began on his report about the Indians doing

March 22,1765 British Parliament passed a law that taxed things such as printed paper they used, ship's papers, licenses,legal documents,playing cards, newspapers, and many other types of publications.

The post D-Day Allied assault that swept through France was halted by Hitler’s unexpected counter-attack through the Ardennes, resulting in a confrontation named the Battle of the Bulge.

The Battle of the Bulge is considered the United State Army’s greatest victory as American soldiers withstood the full force of the German War Machine. Allied Forces faced freezing temperatures, fog, threats of espionage and battle tested German units. This victory was not without shortcomings, most notably in intelligence and subpar battlefield performances.

Architectural buildings around the world make up one factor of the beauty and culture of each country. The Winter Palace is an incredibly beautiful architectural building in St. Petersburg, Russia. The Winter Palace consists of great importance politically, culturally, and symbolically in the city’s third century. In 1708, the Winter Palace was first built as a wooden house with a Dutch style to be the Imperial residence of Peter the Great and his family. In 1711, the wood was replaced by a stone building. However, in 1731 Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli was assigned to reconstruct the palace into a much larger and newer design. The third reconstruction of the palace was completed in the year of 1735. Nevertheless, it only lasted 17 years before Rastrelli was asked again to expand the building even more. Two years later, he decided to completely rebuild the Winter Palace after the confirmation of the empress. (saint-petersburg.com) Ratrelli’s designs for the exterior were in a Baroque style, which have remained the same till this day. (about-eastern-europe.com)

November 11th, 1937, was the date that the Japanese obtained secure control over Shanghai, meaning that this was the date that the Japanese troops began their march to Nanjing. However, the cruel actions that lead up to the massacre in Nanjing started on August 15, where the Japanese Navy send planes that flew over Nanjing and released bombs. From that day, all the way until December 13 (when Nanjing fell), it was estimated that more than 50 missions flew over Nanjing, using more than 800 planes and around 160 tons of bombs. An attack that was reported on August 27 said that within a time period of two hours, 400-500 houses were destroyed and over one hundred people were killed, with several hundred people injured. These actions planted the seed of fear in the Chinese civilians, which grew stronger daily with the bombing attacks. Soon people begin to evacuate, and the population of Nanjing dropped from more than a million to half a million. The Japanese troops entered Nanjing on December 7, and launched a massive attack on Nanjing, which caused the Chinese troops to retreat to the opposite side of the Yangtze River on December 12. On following day of the retreat, the Japanese’s 6th and 16th division entered Nanjing, with an addition of two more Japanese Fleets. With this, the Nanjing Massacre begun.