The Church's Template

In Spain and the Spanish colonies in South America in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, gender roles were distinct and the opportunity gap was enormous. Catalina de Erauso compares the two roles through her memoir, “Lieutenant Nun,” where she recounts her life as a transvestite in both the new and old world. Through having experienced the structured life of a woman as well as the freedom involved in being a man, de Erauso formed an identity for herself that crossed the boundaries of both genders. Catalina de Erauso’s life demonstrates the gap in freedom and opportunity for women, as compared to men, in the areas of culture, politics and economy, and religion.

Through the study of the records of courts, both secular and ecclesiastical, which exists in thousands of European and American archives and libraries, a patient and careful researcher can reconstruct particular images of “the world we have lost” and of the people who inhabited that world. From this vast, largely untapped repository of judicial records, Gene Brucker uses the notarial protocols of Ser Filippo Mazzei, which contains the transcripts of the litigation in the archiepiscopal court and the catasto records, which provides information about Florentine households, to piece together the dossier of Giovanni and Lusanna. The story of Giovanni and Lusanna explores the love and marriage in renaissance Florence and uncovers the gradation of the city’s social hierarchy and the role of women in society.

In “Lieutenant Nun: Memoir of a Transvestite in the New World” by Catalina de Erauso, a female-born transvestite conquers the Spanish World on her journey to disguise herself as a man and inflicts violence both on and off the battlefield. Catalina discovers her hidden role in society as she compares herself to her brothers advantage in life, as they are granted money and freedom in living their own lives. Erauso decides to take action of this act of inequality by forming a rebellion, as she pledges to threaten the social order.The gender roles allotted to both men and women in the Spanish world represent the significance of societal expectations in order to identify the importance of gender in determining one’s position in the social order in the Spanish World.

The extent of Cordova's debriefing on the intersection of gender with the aforementioned themes is in relation to the hagiographers preference in imagery of the penitent and discalced nuns over imagery of the crowned nuns. The reason being that the crowned nuns threatened the Counter-Reformation efforts of orthodoxy and had the power to "… threaten male ecclesiastical power if left unchecked" (Cordova 164). However, what Cordova fails to note in both the popularization of imagery like the Virgin of Guadalupe and the crowned nuns, is the significance in their depiction as not only females idols, but chaste female idols. Their chastity is an integral characteristic of their being and womanhood, which is reflective of the Enlightenment era's emphasis on creating defined gender roles, pushing beyond the mere difference in genitalia to describe anatomical depth. The female gender was subsequently subscribed to the importance of their modesty and chastity. Therefore, the aggrandization of female religious icons is not just symptomatic of the plight of New Spain to develop a unique and respected identity, but is also in direct relation to the enforcement of strict gender conformant. These two

Madonna Lucrezia, in La Mandragola, is the epitome of every man’s dream for a wife. “And he named Madonna Lucrezia, wife of Messer Nicia Calfucci, and he heaped such praise on her beauty and her manners that he amazed every last one of us, and in me he aroused such desire to see her,” said Callimaco (Machiavelli). Although Lucrezia was loyal, holy, wise, and virtuous, she has yet to produce an heir for her husband. This inability to bear a child is not to any fault of her own because her husband is older and thus infertile, but this problem goes unacknowledged. Because of this problem, and the willingness to do anything for it to be fixed, she and her husband become susceptible to the cunningness of others. First, her husband, Nicia, is made a fool when another man, Callimaco, convinces him that he has a concoction to solve infertility. Similarly, infertility was the grounds on which Lucrezia Borgia’s first marriage was annulled; but in fact, the marriage was no longer beneficial to her father Pope Alexander VI (Drees).

Women in The Count of Monte Cristo possess unique personalities, but intensely similar restrictions. Currently, women in the United States, as well as other countries, are able to have jobs, travel, and participate in many other activities that the ladies Dumas portrays are not allowed to. Feminist analysis of this book reveals the ways of the time and the delicate balance of society’s typical structure. In The Count of Monte Cristo, Alexandre Dumas realistically conveys that when women violate their traditional roles, the balance of life is disrupted. This is evident through descriptions of instances in which females are in the home as well as when they are not.

Another interesting aspect in the burial of Christ is the role that women play in the scenario. During the time period, women were incredibly inferior to men,

On April 11th, 2017, I attended mass in the Blessed Edmund Chapel. Unlike other weekday masses, this one was scheduled at 7 AM because of it being Holy Tuesday. Never having been to a Catholic mass before, all of this was a new experience. Growing up in a non-denominational Christian household, I did not have a clue what to expect. From this experience, I was able to gain insight into the Catholic practices and how they conduct their masses. It also helped to expand on the teachings we discussed in religion class.

Sometimes, we faith followers make jokes about shame in our religions. Shame in the church is a common experience for many church members. Though, not every church has this sort of approach in discipleship and behavioral training. Shame has long been a pronounced interest to me. Most church leaders want the church to be a place of hope and inspiration, but some of us have experienced a tremendous amount of shame, also. Growing up within a very conservative John Wesley style holiness church taught me some life-giving valuable faith lessons. We were taught incredible lessons of living one’s life in a way that reflects one’s values and belief system and being empowered to express such values to others. Great lessons in humility and giving all glory to God abound. And honoring a holy lifestyle as best able on Earth including prayer, service, teaching, and tithing. Yet, some of these lessons include, what not to do as a pastor or church member. When a person did not live up to these high ideals, shame was often cast her/his way.

As Breuer’s career progressed, so did his style and the commissions. His work at the UNESCO Headquarter had finally given him a strong name outside of the residential realm. At the beginning of the 1950s the brethren at the Benedictine Abbey of Saint John the Baptist in Collegeville, MN decided it was time to expand their campus. For the project, they decided to interview a series of architectural stars at the time, such as Walter Gropius, Richard Neutra, Pietro Belluschi, Barry Byrne, Eero Saarinen, and Marcel Breuer. In the end, they chose Breuer for his personality, modesty, honesty, listening skills, and for the fact that he took their needs and wishes seriously.15 The construction of the campus started in 1953 with the addition of a new dormitory wing for the monks. In addition to the church and monk dormitory, Breuer would eventually go on to design two student dormitories, a library, and a natural science research department. Construction of the church began in 1958.

Every October in the 8th grade, we begin to study Chapter 3- The Nature of Church. This chapter includes the Four Marks of the Church. It is not an issue to explain “One” or “Apostolic,” but I seem to stumble when I explain “Holy” and “Catholic.” To provide better teaching on these two marks, I decided to explore in detail their origins, what they mean and to compare this to my current understanding of these two marks.

According to the nature and mission of the church (2005:1) the bylaws of the Faith and Order Commission state that its aim is to proclaim the oneness of the Church of Jesus Christ and to call the churches to the goal of visible unity in one faith and one Eucharistic fellowship, expressed in worship and in common life in Christ, in order that the world may believe. The nature and mission of the church (2005:2) assumes that all the major documents issued by Faith and Order contribute in some way or other with the understanding of the nature and mission of the Church. Moreover, Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry, Confessing the One Faith: An Ecumenical Explication of the Apostolic Faith as it is Confessed in the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed (381), and Church and World: the Unity of the Church and the Renewal of Human Community. In addition, the nature and mission of the church (2005:3), the purpose they attest of the nature and mission of the

Dombey’s bankruptcy compels him to renounce the commercial world and embrace the values of the family hearth. The contrast between the swift transformation of the marketplace and the consistency and stability of the home maintained by Florence is distinct. Florence works for the separation of the realms of commerce and domesticity in order to protect the sacredness of the hearth. She is embodied as a vision of family that supposedly transcends the divisions of class and gender.

Being born in a Jewish house, I decided to visit a Church. I visited a Presbyterian church. Presbyterians is a branch of Protestant Christianity, which is part of the most populated religion in the world Christianity. The word Presbyterian comes from the Bible from the Greek word for "elder". The Presbyterian Church is governed by elders. That being the main difference from my understanding. Being governed by elders, The more experienced elders have more power as they are the main source of authority. The more experienced elders are authorized to train and ordain Church Deacons.

Subject: An Essay about the form and symbolism of the Church of Holy virgin in Harat Zuwayla