The City Of Axum: Pre-Christian Kingdom

Ancient Egypt was a civilization developed along the banks of the Nile River. This civilization is known for great cultural advances in almost every area of human knowledge.

Nimrud (Kalhu) was a Neo-Assyrian city established as the new capital of Assyria by King Ashurnasirpal II, who reigned from 883 BC to 859 BC (Gates, 170; The Banquet Inscription of Ashurnasirpal II). In Ashurnasirpal’s campaign of territorial expansion of the Assyrian empire, he expressed his political power by establishing the capital of Nimrud (The Banquet Inscription of Ashurnasirpal II). In his 24 years as King of Assyria, Ashurnasirpal II carried out numerous construction projects of temples and other physical monuments in Nimrud, but the Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II was undoubtedly the most remarkable building erected in the city. The amount of stone needed to construct Ashurnasirpal’s Northwest Palace must have been astounding, not to mention the countless

and lasted till 700 A.D. Axum’s location is now found in Ethiopia. Axum was a leader in many ways, one being Christianity. The images of gods had been derived from Saudi Arabia and through it, Christianity was made. Christian churches arrived and dominated in mountainous terrain. From the census in 2010, Christianity was the dominating religion in the world with 2.2 billion believers which was a third of the population of the whole world. Anther leadership that Axum had was being the center of marine trading. The Axum people helped to spread the trade and became a dominating center for it. The Axum people used the writing of the Roman era becoming literary in ways that helped people to become educated in writing and reading. The government consisted of a monarchy which is found in places such as the United Kingdom. The Axum people interacted with places and people around them such as the Red Sea, Egypt, and the Kingdom of Meroe and learned to use the resources that they had. The sea was used for trade and could be utilized for gathering and food. The Axum civilization was famous for the inventions and items used such as pepper, digging stick or hoe for farming, wheat, and barley. Again, a prominent part of the kingdom was architecture. The famous stone buildings could be marked as royal and were over a hundred feet tall and some were made using only one piece of rock. The Axum civilization helped in

Some historians argue that it started in 330 B.C.E., when Constantine became an emperor and founded a capital on Byzantium

Carthage was the first real foreign power Rome would come across outside of Italy, its origins from a Tyre colony to the capital of the great commercial empire in northern Africa (Morey, 1901) are lost to the ravages of time. The journey discussed below will be the similarities with Rome in its rise to power, and how Rome was able to become a force of the Sea as well as on land.

The HIttites were one of the great empires of the Middle East during 1400- 1200 BC. THey rested within the lands of modern Turkey and Syria. They adopted some of the traditions of Mesopotamia (i.e. cuneiform writing). Widely known for their use and manufacturing of iron, the Hittites were also famous for their chariot building. The Hittite empire soon fell to the Assyrians.

Throughout history many civilizations and empires have been considered great. The greatest empire ever was Ancient Rome. Starting in 509 B.C.E and lasting until 476 C.E (Ancient Rome and the Rise of Christianity, 1000 BCE–500 CE,). Ancient Rome started off as a small town on central Italy’s Tiber river and ended up expanding all the way to most Europe, Britain, much of western Asia, Northern Africa and the Mediterranean islands (Ancient Rome). Ancient Rome helped spread many languages, the western alphabet, the modern calendar and the religion of christianity all around the globe (Ancient Rome). They are the most powerful and dominating empire throughout history. Ancient Rome was the greatest empire throughout history.

The Kingdom Ghana in western Africa flourished. Ghana gained control of the salt-and-gold trade (Doc. 2). This was important because Gold was used as a currency,

The second Empire that was more extensive was Mali in West Africa. They were dominating in the 13th and 14th century. This empire was one of the largest trading posts in the world, which had roots in the gold of West Africa. Mali Empire flourished because of the trade above all else. This empire contained three immense gold mines within its borders unlike the Ghana Empire, which was only a transit point for gold. The taxed every single once of gold, cotton and salt that entered its borders. Mali was the source of almost half the old world’s gold exported from mines in Bambuk, Boure and Galam. The gold nuggets were the exclusive property of the mansa, and were illegal to trade within his borders. All gold was immediately handed over to the imperial treasury in return for an equal value of gold dust. The gold dust had been weighted and bagged for use at least since the reign of the Ghana Empire. The next great unit of exchange in this empire was salt. Salt was as valuable, if

As time keeps moving and advancing forward, so does everything else. Anything associated with time itself improves and becomes better to be more successful. Some of these examples are not only as us human beings, but also physical landscapes. By physical landscapes, what I am trying to say is, I mean how the cities just rose in the ancient world.

Egypt is located on the northeast corner of Africa. Egyptians are the population who lived in Egypt. They created an advanced civilization, with cutting-edge systems such as medicine, writing, farming and irrigation.

Ancient Mesopotamia was a geographical area in modern-day Iraq that centers around the Tigris-Euphrates river system and is considered the beginning of advanced society. Mesopotamia encompassed several different civilizations and the first city states. The Mesopotamian civilization spanned from the Sumerian Empire in approximately 3500 B.C.E. to the end of the Assyrian empire in the 7th century. One notable leader was Sargon of Akkad, who started the first recognizable empire, won significant military victories, built substantial infrastructure and bureaucracy, and left a legacy large enough to span millennia. In 612 B.C.E., towards the end of the Assyrian Empire, there were still plays being written about Sargon.

The remains of ancient Babylon are about 90 kms to modern bagdhad south. Its original name, "bab-ili", translated as "the gate of the Gods". Babylon is one of the most famous cities in ancient times of the world. It is famous for its exquisite, beautiful and magnificent. As cultural and political prosperous

Across regions of the world trade was similar because they had similar ways of paying for goods, their cultures were similar and their land routes were structured in similar ways. The Ancient Japanese and Africa’s currency, or way of paying for things, was similar. “The Ancient Japanese made purchases using quantities of rice rather than money,”(Document E). In Japan they were essential trading rice for other things, giving more rice to the person they were buying from the more in demand or how valuable it was.

By the third century A.D. Axum had established its own currency. It began its manufacturing of coins, the first city in Africa to do so, by using its depiction of leaders and the cross of Christianity as a representation of its holy stature. In 320 A.D. Ezana became the King of Axum. Under his rule, Ezana embraced Christianity in 327 A.D. and made it the dominant religion of Axum.  Ezana made the cross the official symbol of his conversion. In 340 A.D. the Christian Cathedral of St. Mary of Zion was constructed in the city. Axum became the first state in Africa to adopt Christianity as its official faith and at the time was among only a handful of Christian states in the world.  Roman Emperor Constantine embraced the faith in 312 A.D. Other