The City Of Pompeii And Pompeii

The private and public leisure activities of Pompeii and Herculaneum were largely abundant. Many activities could be participated in and were used often. These include Drama performances, gladiatorial games, drinking, gambling, brothels, exercise, gardens, baths and food and dining. All these were an important part of Pompeian and Herculaneum life. They were seen as important to keep the body and mind healthy in most cases. Though some opposed some of the activities like brothels, gambling and drinking. But all give a important look into the life of those in Pompeii and Herculaneum before the catastrophic eruption of Vesuvius which completely destroyed

Ancient Rome is one of the greatest and most influential societies in the history of the world. From the basic rules of how the Roman Empire is set up to the infrastructures in the city, the strict hierarchy of Roman social structure can be reflected clearly all over the whole ancient Rome. In fact that “public architecture presents people with the official view of a society and provides the background against which its individual markers live their lives.”1 With the great desire of Roman for entertainment and their special taste for blood, the amphitheatre is considered as the most popular and most representative type of the entertainment building in the ancient Roman culture. And

The Flavian amphitheater has gone through a substantial amount of transformation in the last two thousand years. This is because its function has changed through the years, affecting its structural composition and soundness. In its earliest years, it has served as a location for entertainment to the ancient Roman civilization and had fell into drastic neglect when Rome’s culture changed. People’s demand for bloody gladiatorial combats as well as wild animal fights grew less (History, 2009). Later, it transitioned into becoming widely used as a source of building materials and been scavenged to the point where two-thirds of the original

Archeologists all over the world work towards not only discovering the tracks left behind by societies millions of years ago, but also make an effort to save those footprints for future generations. However, conservation and preservation of archaeological sites can prove to be as arduous as discovering them, or may be more. As a historical site is discovered, it becomes the responsibility of the government and everybody who has to play a role, to secure that site and to not let it deteriorate. Doing so is now also made part of law in many countries and it comes as no surprise when preservation of historical sites is the prime goal of numerous international organizations. Pompeii is one of the most popular historical sites that have been a point of concern for not only Italy’s government but also UN itself. In this paper we try develop an insight of barriers that restrict the development of restoration. Pompeii is an ancient Roman town near the modern Naples, which was first discovered in the 18th century, after it had been destroyed by a volcanic eruption, courtesy of the close standing Mount Vesuvius during the first century. This area and the closer one of Herculaneum was covered in about 20 feet of ash when it was discovered but much of the objects had been able to survive, specifically the ones below the city, as there had been no exposure to air or moisture. This destination is of great importance for the present world as it provides a quality insight into the ‘Pax

At the heart of a Roman city laid the forum- a large open space surrounded by markets, government buildings and temples. Rich and poor gathered together in the bustling forum and at the baths, theaters, and arenas.

For each I've chosen one main source, and gathered a variety of other sources to help explain and reinforce it further. I find that one source (particularly buildings alone) are not enough to base all of the information on, and you gain a more comprehensive understanding by combining them.

One example of public buildings built by Trajan was Trajan’s Forum. Trajan’s Forum was designed by the architect Apollodorus of Damascus. Trajan’s Forum contains a four-story, open air shopping mall, the Basilica Ulpia, where laws and government matters were handled, and Trajan’s Column. Trajan’s Forum was a huge architectural achievement because slaves and workers cut two hemicycles into the Capitoline and Quirinal hills. In the holes, warehouses and shops were built, and many streets were formed (Hammond). Another example of Trajan building public buildings is Trajan’s Column. Trajan’s Column is an 126 feet tall Column that depicts the invasion and conquering of Dacia. There are thousands of figures telling the story of the Dacian War. The figures are fighting, sailing, building, and negotiating in all of the intricate scenes (Curry). In 117, when Trajan died, his ashes were transported to Rome and he was buried under the column (Hammond). Another example of Trajan building public buildings is Trajan’s Market. Trajan’s Market is a four-story, open air shopping mall built between 107 and 110 CE. It contained the main building, a covered market, small shop fronts, and a residential apartment building. The market was situated behind Trajan’s Forum and had many functions, mostly commercial. The bottom three levels housed many shops. The shops sold fruits, vegetables, fish, wine, oil,

The town itself had many temples devoted to their gods. The city even had an amphitheatre, which is the oldest of its kind dating back to 80 BC. The people of Pompeii had a serene living condition and well function social classes.

The Romans had a structural and functional archetype for their buildings, such as fora, temples, basilica, etc. Buildings of the same type, however, varied within the archetype due to several factors. One such factor was the political climate at the time of commission and the objective of the ruler commissioning the building, as exemplified by the differences in the imperial residences of Augustus, who wanted to be as discrete about his imperial status as possible, and Nero, who wanted to show his power and philhellenism, as well as the differences between the amphitheater of Pompeii, which was relatively small and built to please the masses, and the Colosseum (or Flavian Amphitheater), a gigantic arena built partly as a form of damnatio memoriae.

Pompeii and its infamous destruction have intrigued many people to delve deeper into the understanding of how people lived and the factors of their environment that surrounded them and made up the Ancient Roman society. One of these factors was the idea of patronage – the concept of patronage was deeply imbedded in the social and economic lives of the people living in Pompeii and Ancient Rome. Patronage describes the relationship between a wealthier man with status and that of a less well-to-do citizen in which both have obligations they need to fulfill for the other. Patronage relationships play a significant role in almost all aspects of Roman society, including anything from electoral campaigns to the roles of freedmen and the design

Public spaces in Pompeii and Herculaneum had a range of uses, varying from entertainment centres, to meeting spaces, to political buildings. These public spaces also included centres that were used in everyday life for the Romans in Pompeii and Herculaneum, such as shops, restaurants, and public baths. Whilst there is a number of different sources relating to the uses of buildings, they are limited to physical artefacts, and consequently, some public spaces' use and purpose will remain unknown or guessed by historians and archaeologists.

Towards the city’s heavily trafficked center the Roman Forum was constructed for convenient easy access of all the citizens. The foreground of the forum was occupied by a paved square with monuments to famous citizens. The temple to the Divine Julius, dedicated in 29 BCE to the deified Caesar, built in a Hellenistic style, is located in the background on the left; to the right is the temple of Vesta and the house of the Vestal Virgins, guardians of the everlasting flame; further to the right is the temple of the Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux dedicated in 6 CE Here the office of weights and measures was situated. The podiums of the temples of Caesar and the Dioscuri were often used as orators' platforms and it is in this part of the Forum that the meetings of the comitia took place. On the far right is the Basilica Julia built by Caesar. Its long façade occupies the entire south side of the Forum. (Owens, 154) Semi-circular in plan and having consisted of a tall stage building, theaters were a semi-circular orchestra and tiered seating area. Unlike Greek theatres, which were built on natural slopes, they were supported by their own framework of piers and vaults and so could be built anywhere and not where nature dictated. Amphitheatres (literally, ‘double theatres’) were elliptical in plan; with a central areana. (Bowra, 38)

In all houses of a higher standing there was an altar dedicated to the Lares and each family was placed under the protection of its own Lares. Neighborhoods probably had Lares as well, which looked over all of the households. "There were also those which presided over the aggregate destiny, no longer of such and such a financier or merchant, but of Pompeii as a whole; their temple was therefore situated at the hub of the city's activity, the Forum, between the Macellum and the Temple of Vespasian," wrote Marcel Brion, explaining the rising significance of the cult. (Brion, 1960: 88) The lararium in the atrium of the House of the Vettii is a well-preserved example of the household shrines.

Historians have always used great structures from the ancient world to find out information about the kind of lives they used to live. The Colosseum in Ancient Rome, Italy was one of the most famous structures. The Colosseum in Rome gives historians a number of insights to the type of civilization that existed during the time of the ancient empire, through the gory battles and violent games that took place. This can be proven by the purpose of the Colosseum and the context surrounding its construction, the political and economic benefit of the Colosseum to the empire, the types of games which were held in the arena and the values which the structure suggests were important to the civilization at the

Historical buildings play an important role in describing the social and cultural beliefs and values of a place of its establishment. People visiting the historic buildings are able to develop a proper insight into the community beliefs and practices that exist at the time of construction of a building (DuTemple, 2003). In this context, the present essay examines and evaluates the way in which the architectural building of ‘The Colosseum’ describes the societal and cultural values of Rome. In addition to this, the essay also demonstrates the technical and spatial features of the buildings and illustrates the way through the building is able to develop a language of classical architecture in Rome. The thesis statement of the present essay can be stated as ‘The extent to which the architectural building of ‘The Colosseum’ in Rome depicts the cultural and societal values and principles practiced in Ancient Roman Society’.