1. Necessary and Proper Clause: This is a clause within the United States Constitution specifically in Article I Section 8. It grants Congress the power to create laws or take certain actions that are not explicitly seen in the Constitution and allows flexibility within Congress. The Necessary and Proper clause allows Congress to use enumerated powers that are implied within the text of the Constitution.
2. Minority-majority District: This is the gerrymandering that specifically affects those based on their racial or ethnic background. This was very prevalent problem during the Reconstruction era and post-Reconstruction Era. Many whites within the South would redraw district lines placing blacks in very narrow districts or by scattering
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The states also had the ability to have separate trading laws and operations, there was no centralized regulations on trade between the states and foreigners. The federal government had the power to declare war, ratify treaties and have an army. The Articles failed which led to the United States Constitution that we know uphold.
4. Elbridge Gerry: Elbridge Gerry was a Governor from the state of Massachusetts who redrew a district line that was in a shape of a salamander. This was done in order to help benefit and generate more Democratic votes within Boston. He is known for being the reason for the term known as gerrymandering which is redrawing districts for more political influence.
5. Speaker of the House: The Speaker of the House is the official that oversees the House. The Speaker is the public figure who represents the House to the American public. The Speakers main tasks are to appoint members to conference/select committees, announce results to votes, refers possible legislation to committees to draft bills, and overall maintains order and discipline within the House. Our current Speaker of the House is John Boehner. He is also in line for succession after the Vice President.
6. The Seventeenth Amendment: The Seventeenth Amendment within the United States Constitution states that Senate must be composed of 2 Senators from each state all serving a term of six years. Senators will be chosen through direct vote
So as you can evidently see, the articles was far less regulated, and most all the power resided with the states, not the
On April 19, 1866, the US Congress passed the first ever Civil Rights Act. It gave black Americans the right to own their own property, to have legal protection in business, and to take people to court. The act was also the first time that black Americans were called citizens of the United States. This meant that black Americans would have the same rights and privileges as all other US citizens. Another Civil Rights Act was passed in 1875. This act made it illegal to discriminate on the basis of race in public places, such as restaurants. In 1883, the Supreme Court ruled that the 1875 act was unconstitutional on the basis that businesses had the right to choose which customers they served and which they could ignore. This allowed businesses that provided public facilities to choose to exclude black people. On June 1, 1909, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was formed. It became the most important civil rights organization fighting for the rights of black people in the United States. It is still active today and has a membership of about half a million. On May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court passed a judgment that changed the course of civil rights in the United States. In the case of Brown v. the Board of Education, the judges on the Supreme Court declared that racial segregation in education was unconstitutional and therefore against the law. This decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson case of 1896. Shortly after noon on Monday May 17,
The Senate needs to ratify all laws by a two-third vote. The vice president who is the head of the Senate is not permitted to vote, but in case of a tie he is allowed to. The House of Representatives is made of 435 representatives, each is elected by his state and serve two years. The number of representatives depends on the state population. Both the House of Representatives and the Senate elect their own leaders; the part that controls the house, is called the majority leader while the other is called the minority leader.
The Necessary and Proper clause is the clause that allows congress to better do their job. It allows them to make all laws which are ruled necessary and proper to be carried into execution by the next powers. In the US constitution article 1, section VIII it states the following, “The Congress should have power…To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing powers and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.” This is what the Necessary and proper clause is. If you look at enumerated powers you see that it grants powers explicitly to congress. Implied powers are granted to congress that has assumed in order to better do its job. Reserved powers are powers that the Constitution does not give to the national government and are kept by the state. The Necessary and
The Elastic Clause is a statement in the first article of the Constitution. Also known as the “Necessary and Proper Clause,” it says that Congress has the power to “make all laws which shall be necessary and proper.” This means that Congress has implied powers to carry out laws that have been expressed in the constitution. One example of a time that the elastic clause has been used was when the federal government created a national bank. This shifted more of the power from the states to the federal government by giving it implied powers. With the elastic clause, the federal government creates more of its own laws.
The Speaker of the House has a variety of responsibilities and duties, which include ruling on procedural matters, recognizing members during debates, sending bills in favor of the committee review, and appointing members to numerous committees. Moreover, in opposition to other state legislatures, The Texas House of Representatives, does not properly recognize the majority nor the minority leaders. The Democratic House Leader and the Republican Chairman, who are elected by their corresponding caucuses are the unofficial leaders.
President Lyndon B. Johnson and President John F. Kennedy made many notable advances to outlaw discrimination in America. They fought against discrimination on race, color, religion, and national origin. Although the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments outlawed slavery, provided for equal protection under the law, guaranteed citizenship, and protected the right to vote, individual states continued to allow unfair treatment of minorities and passed Jim Crow laws allowing segregation of public facilities. America would not be the country it is today without their effort to make this country better and of course without the help of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Some might think that it gives Congress the power to do whatever it wants to do, but that is not so. Congress should only use this clause to create legislation directly relating to an expressed power in the Constitution. The laws should only be what is necessary and proper. If legislation does not meet either of these requirements, it is not in Congress’s power to enact it. The necessary and proper clause, though sometimes used correctly, has often been misused. One example can be found in a court case that took place in 1896 (United States v. Gettysburg Electric Rail Co.). The case decided whether Congress had the power to condemn a railroad’s land. The necessary and proper clause, wrongly used, justified that Congress had the power to condemn that land and create a park. Congress argued that this decision fell under Congress’s expressed power to raise and equip armies. This is just one example of many. When the national bank was created many people thought that this stretched the necessary and proper clause. The necessary and proper clause had been stretched many times. The clause is sometimes called the “elastic clause” because of its
The Necessary and Proper Clause is part of Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution. Americans love the Constitution but little do they actually know about its powers. Powers, established in statements, which come along with bills from the House of Representatives, are tried by the Necessary and Proper Clause and determined Constitutional or unconstitutional.
The Necessary and Proper clause gave congress to make all the laws that should be necessary and proper to carry into execution. (Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18). The Necessary and Proper Clause was also called the elastic clause that gave powers to Congress that were implied in the Constitution. Necessary means required or essential to. Necessary required congress to execute the powers that were granted in the constitution. John Marshall the Chief Justice wrote his opinion to the court stated that the constitution gave congress all the power to make all the laws.
The Necessary and Proper clause goes by many names and known for causing many disputes throughout the United States in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. What the clause states is that "The Congress shall have Power …To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof" (Document A). This means that the United States Congress possesses the abilities to create any and all laws that are essential for the Congress's power to be demonstrated. This goes for other powers stated in the constitution. However, some individuals find flaws in this clause,
The Necessary and Proper Clause can sometime be called the “Coefficient” or “elastic” clause, is an enlargement, not constriction, of the powers expressly granted to Congress. These powers and duties can be found in several places in the Constitution. The Necessary and Proper Clause allows the congress, to establish the laws in which we follow to be necessary and proper to be implemented in all powers vested by the Constitution in the government of The United States also known as the (Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18).
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is considered by some to be one of the most important laws in American history. (The Most Important Cases, Speeches, Laws & Documents in American History) This Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 2, 1964 and it is a “comprehensive federal statute aimed at reducing discrimination in public accommodations and employment situations.” (Feuerbach Twomey, 2010) Specifically, it aimed at prohibiting “discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex (including pregnancy), and religion.” (Civil Rights Act of 1964, 2010) Additionally, it also
These 435 seats are divided among the states every ten years. Representatives serve for two years at a time, and every second November there is a new election where they are chosen by the people in a direct election. (1) The House is required to choose a Speaker for itself who is in charge over the proceedings of the House and is the highest position in the House leadership. Other leadership positions are the Majority and Minority Leaders, and the Majority and Minority Whips. The Minority Leader would generally be the Speaker if his party were the majority.(1) The whips act as a median between the leadership and the other House members. The Senate is the Upper House and its members are called Senators. The qualifications for Senators are similar to those of house representatives, he or she must be 30 years old or older, must have been a U.S. citizen for nine years, and must live in the state they plan to represent.There is again no restriction of sex, race, class, social standing, or any other classification, for both a Senator or House representative . Each state has two Senators, no matter what the size of the state happens to be. A Senators term lasts six years and like the other house members every second November there is a new election. The Vice President of the United States is the President of the Senate but he is a non-voting member unless a vote of the Senate ends in a tie which causes him to cast the deciding vote. If the Vice President is not available
They did not trust strong governments, so the central government very little power (Murphy). There was no court system given to the national government so the states were in charge of it all, which meant complaints could not be filed against them (Brackemyre). One of the only powers the national government had was to declare war but they were not allowed to raise an army to fight it and it lacked a chief executive to conduct foreign affairs. The United States also had an ineffective legislative under the Articles of Confederation. Amendments that they wanted to be passed needed to be vote on unanimously and there had to be a nine out of thirteen vote to pass a law (Kelly). Each state also had only one despite their population. Under the Articles, the government did not have a stable economic system, lacked key central leadership and had an inefficient legislature.