The Civil War Of The Sudan

The Sudan Liberation Movement and the Justice Equality Movement took arms against the Sudanese government, which was later named “The War in Darfur”. Which sparked the anger of the government and sent their military to begin murdering many villages, that were non Arabs. In many accounts reported about 2 million were killed over 2 decades.Scarce resources played a huge role in the mass killings of Sudanese (non arab).

The Darfur Genocide is the current mass slaughter and rape of civilians from South Sudan killing women and children in Sudan. The Genocide began in 2003 but the outbreak around the world in early 2004 and still continues today which is known as the first genocide in the 21 Century. There have been many responses toward the genocide such as United Nations and China but the conflict continues to be unresolved. This had caught attention from many countries around the world, including our country, the united Nation and China had different perspectives referring to Sudan conflict, however their initiatives had worsen the situation.

Darfur is the western region of the African country of Sudan. Currently, the people of Darfur have been continually attacked by the Sudanese army and by proxy-militia controlled by the Sudanese government. Families are being uprooted and starved, children tormented and murdered by the thousands and women raped without punishment. Innocent civilians in Darfur continue to be victims of unthinkable brutality. Many people have become homeless and seek protection in refugee camps in Chad. Yet despite its outward appearance, Darfur has a vast ethnic diversity and a complex, ancient system of resolving conflict. Genocide has occurred in several places around the world, but in Darfur there are certain reasons why it

Throughout history, our world has constantly been bruised and battered by civil turmoil. Today, the civil war in Syria decimates the country; the Israeli and Palestinian conflict rages on; tens of thousands of people have been killed in South Sudan's ongoing civil war. It is not always easy to isolate what exactly ignites the flames of war, but, whenever possible, finding a workable, calm and satisfying solution to a potential uprising is preferable.

In recent times, the media has highlighted the genocide that has been occurring in Darfur, Sudan. Darfur, Sudan is a country roughly the size of the state of Texas (Darfur Scores, n.d.). Genocide is the systematic killing of an entire ethnic group of people from a national, ethnic, or religious group, or an attempt to do away with them all (Darfur Scores, n.d.). Beginning around 2003, according to Darfur Scores (n.d.), “the Sudanese government in Khartoum and the government-sponsored Janjaweed militia have used rape, displacement, organized starvation, threats against aid workers and mass murder. Violence, disease, and displacement continue to kill thousands of innocent Darfurians every month.”

The Sudan is home to two civil wars taking place dating back hundreds of years. “The older of the two, pitting the Muslim revels from the south, has claimed 2m lives in the past two decades, and spurred 4m people to abandon their homes.”(Economist 11) Although the two sides in this old war are close to a peace resolution, a new insurgence has begun in the region pitting “Arabs” against the “black Africans”, in an effort to attract peace concessions from the Sudanese government just as the older rebels did years before. An uprising by rebel groups against government targets sparked this new war because they felt neglected by the Sudanese government. But the response of the government to the new revolt falls extremely short of peace concessions, and instead perpetuates an environment of violence, torture and depression. The government has given its own militia, the janjaweed, free reign to pillage, rape and kill black civilians in a futile attempt to squelch the revolt. This can be see as an “ethnic cleansing” in which the government feels that the killings of blacks will hopefully rid the country of the rebels given that the Darfur rebels are mostly black Africans. Thus, the Sudanese

Ever since the start of the civil war (December 2013) in South Sudan, tensions have been running high between two opposing groups. Those who support the President, Salva Kiir, and those who support his fired deputy, Rick Machar. This conflict has caused food shortages and disease for many people. The one thing the parties have in common is the brutal violence especially towards women. According to the article,

Sudan has had internal problems for many years. The country negatively affected itself from within. No outer force caused the issues at hand. Sudan experiences their first civil war in 1956. The issue came from economic, political, and social domination of largely non-Muslim and non-Arab southern Sudanese. The war lasted for about sixteen years and finally concluded in 1972. Unfortunately the violence

British colonialism ended in Sudan in 1956 and from that point on there would be significant conflict within the state, one of the main causes was because of differences in religious beliefs. The North, and most of the state were predominantly Muslim while the South was Christian and a mix of other religions. After a long civil war, which ended in 2005, Sudan was divided and the new state of South Sudan was created in 2011; it is the UN’s newest member. This was deemed a major accomplishment; not only were the South Sudanese celebrating but the Americans and the UN were as well since it was believed that this would finally bring peace.

Military regimes that favor Islamic-situated governments have controlled national politics since Sudan gained freedom from Anglo-Egyptian co-rule in 1956. Sudan was entangled in two post-independence civil war amid the greater part of the rest of the twentieth century. These wars were based on the northern Muslims, Arabs economic, political, and social control of the more largely populated non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese. The first war ended with the 1972 Addis Ababa Agreement, which granted significant regional autonomy to southern Sudan on internal issues. (CIA 2015)

Genocide in Darfur began in 2003 and is still happening present day. Genocide began because non-Arabs in the western Sudan region believed that the government was ignoring them. In order to get the governments attention non-Arabs started to vandalize government buildings, the government responded by creating an Arab militia. The effects of the militia have been devastating. They have destroyed villages and murdered an extreme amount of people. In total, hundreds of thousands have been killed and two million people have been displaced. All peacekeeping efforts have been shown to be unsuccessful; and every month it is estimated that 5,000 people die as a result of the ongoing genocide.

The country we are going to be focusing on is South Sudan. It is located in east-central Africa, north of Uganda and Kenya, and in the west of Ethiopia. It is also south of Sudan, where it originated from. South Sudan and Sudan obviously used to be one country but South Sudan recently gained independance. When the government broke certain promises, a prolonged mutiny began which even resulted in death. On January 2011, a referendum was held, and most of the citizens voted for secession. As a result, Sudan split into Sudan and South Sudan. Although South Sudan has abundant oil reserves, it still struggles with good governance and deteriorating economic conditions. The ongoing civil conflict is also tearing up the social and economic aspects of South Sudan. The population is 11.91 million and the poverty line is 50.6%. This shows that South Sudan has some serious issues with poverty considering over half their population is struggling.. The national debt of South Sudan stands at $972 million and is currently on the rise. As for resources, South Sudan is the most oil-dependent country in the world. They have an abundance of oil available which leads to 98% of their exports being oil. Overall, South Sudan is a new country that has both struggles and strengths. Our goal is to improve pipelines which will help in every aspect including economy and environment.

While still struggling to achieve peace with Sudan since its independence in 2011, South Sudan is now rife with inner-conflict. Rebel forces led by the former Vice-President Riek Machar want to overthrow the South Sudanese government, led by President Salva Kiir.

From 1972 onwards, the government “usually ran Darfur through officials brought in from other parts of Sudan, mainly from Khartoum” (Darfur: Origins). What Britain did basically doomed Non-Arab Darfur to “a future as an underdeveloped colony of Sudan’s Arab-speaking Nile Valley heartland” (Darfur: Origins).

The origin of the war between these two regions goes back to the 1950s when the country, which was previously two separate nations, was made one after World War II by the west. Shortly after this union, Sudan was emancipated from England. 1983 marks the beginning of the violent relations between the North and South Sudan. The initiation of this conflict was brought forth by the Islamic Sudanese of the North, invading with military force the Southern Sudanese Christians . From 1983, it is estimated that at least two million people have been killed in the violent duration of this genocide, most of whom are of the Christian faith and lead non-violent civilian lives. Attention on human trafficking was brought into the international community’s scope with close proximity to the beginning of the violence as two professors from the University of Khartoum shed light on the subject. Ushari Ahmad Mahumud and Suleyman Ali Baldo learned about the genocide and enslavement being practiced on the Dinka people, a tribal group in the southern Sudan, and upon this discovery they dicided to investigate it further. What they found was that raiders from the north were killing the Southern Christian men and kidnapping the women and children to be sold into slavery. The most disturbing part of this discovery was the newfound knowledge that this had been going on for over two years. Professors Mahumud and Baldo